472 



INDEX 



Leaf, protection, of, against animals by bit- 

 ter taste, 222, 223. 

 hairs, 221. 



hugging the ground, 223. 



poisonous substances, 222. 



prickles, 221. 



spines, 221, 334. 



teeth, 222, 334. 

 texture, 223. 



thorns, 221. 



enwrapping, 251, 261. 



- drying, by hairs, 213, 333, 334,* 

 335.* 



position, 217, 218.* 



reduction of surface, 215, 

 332, 342.* 



in number of stomata, 



215, 235. 336.* 



rolling, folding, etc., 213, 

 334. 



sunken stomata, 215, 335, 



337.* 



thicker cuticle, 333, 334,* 



337,* 338.* 



water -proof substances, 

 214, 251, 333, 334.* 



water - retaining substan- 

 ces, 216. 



raises sap, 242. 



respiration of, 194, 195. 



scale, 347. 



shade, 3*4,* 345.* 



sleep position of, 218.* 



starch formation in, 182-203 (182,* 184,* 

 186,* 191,* 192,* 193,* 198,* 199,* 201,* 

 202*). 



starch in, 181, 182,* 183. 



storage of food in, 260. 



strength of, how secured, 267.* 



sun, 344,* 345.* 



transpiration of, 203*- 206,* 207, 208,* 

 209,* 210,* 211*-218,* 317, 328, 348. 



turns toward light, 217-219. 



unequal growth of opposite sides of, 251. 



variegated, starch in, 185. 



veins of, 198,* 199,* 225, 267.* 



water, 337,* 338,* 339,* 340.* 



withdrawal of nutriment from, in au- 

 tumn, 332. 



Leaf, work of, 1C3-285. 



See, also, Seed-leaf and Stomata. 

 Leaf green. See Chlorophyll. 

 Leaf -moid, 107. 



capacity for holding water of, 132. 



test for humus in, 155. 

 Leaf-mosaic, 219. 

 Leaf-scar, 212, 245, 332. 



Leathery texture protects against animals, 



223. 



Lenticel, 232,* 278, 279.* 

 Leontodon. See Dandelion. 

 Lettuce, Prickly, sun- and shade-leaves of, 



344.* 



Levees, protected by plants, 277. 

 Life, length of, in plants, 286. 

 Light, absorbed by leaves, 201. 



affects absorption of carbon dioxide, 207. 



chemical action caused by, 182,* 184,* 185 

 195, 196, 201, 316. 364, 382. 



kills bacteria, 364, 382. 



effect of, on chlorophyll, 184,* 185. 



color of fruit, 316. 



direction of growth of plant, 



264, 346. 



evaporation from the soil, 115. 

 eye, 196. 



flowers, 295, 296, 298, 308, 347, 



348. 



form of plant, 184,* 185, 261, 327, 

 328,* 329,* 344,* 345*-348. 



fruit, 308, 342, 347. 



fruit and flower production, 347. 



germination, 4". 

 growth, 253. 



leaves, 184,* 185, 217-219, 344,* 



345* 346. 



Mould, 394. 



portion of effective in heliotropism, 265. 



starch formation, 196. 



relation of, to self -pruning of trees, etc., 



261. 

 starch formation, 182,*'184,* 185 



201. ' 

 stem, 264, 346. 



stomata, 207-209. 



transpiration, 207. 

 electric, for growing plants, 346. 

 needed by plants, 326. 



