484 



INDEX 



Service berry, hairy covering of leaf of, 213. 



Setchell, acknowledgement to, x. 



Sewage, purification of, 381, 382. 



Shade plants, 344. 



Shamel, work of, 434-439. 



Shells as fertilizer, 151. 



Shoot. See Stem. 



Sidewalks exclude air from roots, 126. 



Sieve tubes, 227,* 231,* 232,* 236,* 254, 255. 



Silage, 387, 388. 



Silica, 145. 



Silt, 118. 



Silver grain. See Medullary rays. 



Silver nitrate, 158. 



Simple pits, 227,* 232.* 



Size, increased by breeding, 410, 411.* 413,* 



416,* 422, 423.* 

 Sleep position of flowers, 294, 295. 



leaves, 218.* 



Smallpox, 379. 



Smut, 397-401. 



Smut of Corn, 397, 398,* 399,* 400, 440. 



Smut of Grain, 400-401. 



Smut, Stinking, 400. 



Snapdragon, flower of, opened by bees, 308. 



protection of pollen by, 294. 

 Snow as mulch, 117. 

 Snyder, on fertilizers, 153. 



- foods, 173, 178. 

 Soap for softaning bark, 248. 

 Soda for softening water, 151. 



in soils, test for, 158. 

 Soda-water dissolves marble, etc., 141. 

 Sodium chloride. See Salt. 



nitrate as fertilizer, 148, 153, 154. 



plant selects nitric acid from, 161. 

 sulphate in soils, 158. 



test for, 158. 



Soil, absorption from, 103-162. 



affects the distribution of plants, 351. 



action of rain on, 111-113, 129. 



aeration of, 126, 128. 



air in, 36, 37,* 38, 39,* 40, 103, 119,* 120,* 

 124-126, 128, 130, 132. 



alkali, 157-159. 



alluvial, 109. 



as a laboratory for preparation of plant- 

 food, 146. 



as a sponge, 146. 



Soil as a storehouse of plant-food, 140. 

 burial of seeds in, 69, 70. 

 capillary action of, 116. 

 chemical action in, 144-153. 

 classified, 108. 

 clayey, 106. 

 color of, 107, 108, 155. 

 composition of, 104, 105. 

 contact of, with seed, 21. 

 crust of, 116, 117, 125, 126,* 127, 129. 

 drainage of, 40. 

 drift, 109. 



evaporation from, 115. 

 exploration of, by roots, 133-135. 

 formation of, 109, 110. 

 heart of, 107. 

 heat absorbed by, 43. 



retained by, 43. 



humus in, 104, 107, 132, 133, 145, 148, 351 



test for, 155. 



injured by over-irrigation, 131. 

 tilling at wrong time, 129. 

 lifts water, 114. 

 lime supplied to, 151. 



in, test for, 157. 

 mechanical analysis of, 104. 

 mellow, 107. 



mineral substances in, 136-160. 

 nitrogen supplied to, 147-150. 



in, test for, 155. 

 of arid regions, 146. 

 phosphorus supplied to, 150. 



in, test for, 155, 156. 



physical condition of, 115,* 110,* 117,* 

 119,* 120,* 124, 125, 126,* 127,* 128,* 

 129-133, 384. 



potash supplied to, 152. 



plant-food in, 136-160, 201. 



puddled, 125, 129. 



required by cuttings, etc., 108, 262. 263. 



salts in, 136-160. 



sandy, 105. 



saturated, 118. 



sour, sweetened by lime, 152. 



temperature of, 43, 



tests for, 155-160. 



texture of. See Soil, Physical condition 

 of. 



tilth of. See Soil, Physical condition of. 



