6i6 APPENDIX 



Turki origin, and his habit of following the Mussulman custom of 

 shaving the lower portion of the upper lip enables one to identify 

 him in far Western China. I am unaware if this habit is adopted 

 by all followers of the Prophet throughout China Proper, 



It is said that the Mohammedan can be detected by his manner 

 of speech, and that many speak dialects of corrupt Mongolian 

 or Turki origin ; but this detail could only be distinguished by 

 scholars who are well acquainted with the various and confus- 

 ing dialects of the Chinese language. 



It will be noted, therefore, that the Mohammedan Chinese 

 were originally " half-breeds," and, consequently, through in- 

 creased virility, they have had an advantage which has enabled 

 them to become an important and numerous element of the 

 Chinese Empire. Islam does not appear to have been pro- 

 pagated in China either by the sword or by the making of 

 converts, but solely by the rapid increase of an originally 

 small community of foreigners, who married Chinese wives and 

 naturally brought up their families in their own faith. The most 

 significant remarks on this subject were made by the writer 

 Du Halde in 1735, which I will quote from Mr. Broomhall's 

 Islam in China. He speaks of the " Mohammedan sect, settled 

 above six hundred years ago in divers provinces, where they live 

 in quiet, because they take no great pains to extend their 

 doctrine and make proselytes. In ancient times they increased 

 their numbers solely by the alliances and marriages they con- 

 tracted ; but for some years past they have made a consider- 

 ableprogress by help of their money. They everywhere buy up 

 children whose parents, unable to educate them, make no scruple 

 to sell them. During a famine which wasted the province of 

 Shantung they purchased above ten thousand. They marry them, 

 and either buy or build a considerable share of a city, and 

 even whole country towns, to settle them in. Hence, by little 

 and little, they are grown to such a head in many places as not 

 to suffer any to live among them who goes not to the mosque ; 

 by which means they have multiplied exceedingly within three 

 hundred years." 



The exact number of Mussulmans within the Chinese Empire 

 cannot be estimated with any degree of certainty. The Moslems 



