642 



INDEX 



Ancient routes, 114, 115 



An-hsi-chow, 474, 494, 514 



Antiquities of Southern Siberia, 

 the Upper Yenisei basin, 24, 55- 

 72 ; North-west ^longolia, rock- 

 drawings, 56 ; unwrought stones, 

 monoliths, 57-60, 66-7 ; stone- 

 eftigies, 57-64 ; tumuh, 65-72 ; 

 in Kumul district, 499 ; in Karlik 

 Tagh, 504-5 ; at Barkul, 532 



Arabia, 6 



Arabs, 28 



Arab influence on China, 613-14 



Aradansk Range, 42, 85, 96, loi 



Ara-Tam, 491 ; Buddhist remains 

 at, 477, 504 ; visited by Stein, 

 498 ; as summer resort of the 

 Khan, 504-5 



Aridity. See Desiccation 



Artcol Mts., 103 



Asia, 5, 10 ; significance of, 9, 27- 

 29 ; contrasts of, 28, 29 ; Asia 

 versus Europe, 436 



Asiatic Mediterranean, 48, 106, 417 



Astine, 486 



Atbushi, plateau, wild-sheep of, 569 



Ati Bogdo, 519-520, 628 ; doubtful 

 position as regards life-zones of 

 Central Asia, 629 ; fauna and 

 flora of, 629-30 



Atis, Mount, 520 



Atkinson, T. W., 3 ; journeys in 

 Mongoha, 18, 278 ; approached 

 Barkul, 531 ; publication, 635 



Ayar Nor, 543 



Azaz River, 148 



Azkiezkaia Steppe, 65 



Bai, 486, 52 1 ; visited by Kozloff , 498 



Bai Musa Pass, 406 



Baikal, 31, 46, 73, 100, 116, 147, 197, 



212 ; country to east of, as early 



home of Kirei, 352 

 Bain-Kho, 464 



Bain-Khairkhan, 325, 327, 348, 346 

 Baitik Bogdo, wild-sheep on, 346- 



7 ; as Kirei territory, 359 ; wells 



of, 452 ; Torguts of, 360, 391 ; 



routes to, from Guchen, 457 ; 



description of, from Kirei sources, 



462-3 ; as belonging to Altai 



zone, 628-9 

 Ealkash, Lake, 417, 41 8 ; saiga 



near, 590 



Banking arrangements, 45 

 Bardash River, 504-5 



— Valley, 505-10 



— Village, 507-8 ; revisited, 526 



— peaks at head of valley, 622 

 Barkul, 18, 19, 20, 22, 395 ; grazing 



in vicinity of town, 452 ; horses 

 of, 452 



— Basin, arrival at, 526 ; peculi- 

 arity of, 527 ; Kumuliks in, 528 ; 

 hydrography of, 528 ; sand- 

 dunes in, 529 ; horses of, 452, 

 53^-3 ; game of, 588-9 



— Lake, meaning of name, 532 ; 

 salinity of, 533 ; strands of, 533 



— Mountains, 470, 528 ; portion of, 

 belonging to Khan of Kumul, 

 491. 493 ; as seen from Kumul, 

 494, 499-500 ; forest on, 517, 

 529-30 ; as belonging to Kaxlik 

 Tagh " neutral zone," 628-30 



— Pass, 526 



— Town, superseded by Guchen, 

 451 ; distance between, and 

 Guchen, 451 ; astronomical posi- 

 tion of, 496 ; early visitors to 

 district, 495-9 ; routes from, 

 and Kumul, 526 ; arrival at, 530 ; 

 importance of, 530 ; bad reputa- 

 tion of, 531-2 ; we leave, 533 



Barlik Mts., 4, 23, 389, 410, 411, 

 411 n, 414, 417, 418, 541, 548; 

 as Kirei territory, 359, 360 ; as 

 northern border-range of Dzun- 

 garia, 379 ; character of, 551 ; 

 as portion of dividing-line be- 

 tween Siberian and Central Asian 

 life-zones, 627-8 

 Barmen Mts., 273, 277, 286 

 Basins : Upper Yenisei basin, 2, 94- 

 117 ; Kossogol, 32, 100, 116, 201 ; 

 UbsaNor, 192, 205, 224, 261, 266, 

 273, 277, 285 ; Achit Nor, 273, 

 277, 278, 286, 287, 289 

 Bassett Digby, cited, 236 n. 

 Bear, in Borotala, 559-60 ; in Urta 

 Saryk, 576 ; in Mongolia and 

 Dzungaria, 631 

 Bearded Partridge. See Daurian 



Partridge 

 Beavers, 168, 179, 223,228; southern 



limit of, 626, 630-1 

 Beg of Kumul, 503, 505-6, 530 

 Bei-Kcm, 32, 98, 103, 104, 107 ; 

 rapids on, 109, 161, 174-6 



