644 



INDEX 



Caucasus, 4 



Cervtc^ cashmirianus yarkandensis, 



611, 630 

 — canadensis asiaticus, 630; son- 



garica or eusiephanus, 630 

 Chagan-bugazi Pass, 345 

 Chagan-bulak Pass, 517, 526, 527 

 Chagan-gol, Valley and River, 325, 



3^7. 349. 350 

 Chagan Nor, 324 

 Chagan-oba IMountains, 389, 411 

 Chagatai, son of Jenghis Khan, 3S5 

 Cha-Kul, 43, 107, III, 154, 203 ; 

 distance from, to Krasnoyarsk, 

 no; to Minnusinsk by river, 

 no ; temperature at, 112 ; road 

 northwards from, 113 ; road to 

 Kemchik from, 114; road to 

 Ubsa Nor from, 115 

 Chalon, P. F., 23 ; cited, 113, 165-6, 

 202, 206, 222, 247 ; publication, 



635 

 Chantos, 389 ; in Borotala Valley, 



392-3. 55^ ; in Urumchi, 395, 445 ; 



in Sharasume, 397 ; meaning of 



name, 397 n. ; in Gomil Valley, 



407 ; settlers in Dzungaria, 435- 



6, 436 n., 404 ; in Djinko, 437 ; 



in Eastern Chinese Turkestan, 



470-1 ; in Barkul, 531 ; difference 



in character of, and Chinese, 458 



Chapsa River, 120, 121, 124, 130 



— Range, loi, 135 



— ascent of, 137 



— Lake, 135 



Charkhars, 389, 393, 400 ; history 

 of Borotala, 392 ; and Borotala, 

 391-3 ; two sections of, 393 ; 

 superior type of, 393 ; Amban of 

 Lower Borotala, 553 ; enter- 

 tained by Amban 's wife, 553 ; 

 dress of women, 554 ; we visit 

 Amban of Upper Borotala, 554-5 

 Chebash River, 134, 142, 143 

 Chedan Valley, 104, 184 ; descrip- 

 tion of, 189 ; altitude of, 195 

 Chien-lung, Emperor, 383, 387, 391 

 Chigetai, or kulon, 607 

 Chi-ku-ching, basin, 468-70 

 China, 9 ; Great Wall of, 15, 427 

 Chinese, in N.W. Mongolia, 275, 

 262-3, 310 ; suzerainty over 

 Mongols, 308-9 ; Revolution of 

 1 91 1, 314 ; traders in Upper 

 Yenisei basin, 181 ; frontier 



officials, 324-325 ; invasion of 

 Dzungaria, 376 ; massacred by 

 Dungans, 376 ; element, in 

 Dzungaria, 382, 395-6, 542-3 ; 

 destroy Dzungan power, 386-7, 

 476 ; begin to gain power in Far 

 Western China, 387-8 ; colonists 

 in Borotala Valley, 392-3 ; in 

 Sharasume, 397-8 ; differences 

 in character between settlers 

 and Chanto, 458-9 ; influence 

 on Kumuliks, 482-5, 488 ; 

 authority in Kumul, 476-7 ; in- 

 fluence on Taghliks, 508, 514 ; 

 influence on Karlik Tagh, 523 ; 

 colonists in Barkul basin, 528 



Chinese carts, 428-9 ; cost of line 

 between Kulja and Urumchi, 429 



Chinese Imperial high-roads, 5, 426- 

 8 ; stages on, 429 ; traffic on, in 

 M'inter andsummer, 431-2 ; mono- 

 tony of, 433-5 ; traffic on, be- 

 tween Kulja and Urumchi, 442-3 ; 

 safety of, 448 ; guards of, 448 



Chi-ning section of Charkhars, 393 



Chokerok, range, 85, 92 



Christianity, effects of on Sham- 

 manism, 241, 255 



Chudes, 49, 65 



Chuguchak, from Sharasume to, 



395. 399. 400. 439, 443 ; route 

 from, to Zaisan, 406 ; arrival at, 

 408 ; description of, 408 ; popu- 

 lation of, 408 ; importance of 

 position on frontier, 409 ; route 

 east and west from, 409-10 ; 

 routes from, to Kulja, 409-10 ; 

 cost of transport from, to Kulja, 

 410 ; frontier route from, to 

 Kulja, 411 ; from, to Urumchi, 

 542 ; to Shi-Kho, 541-2, 547 



Chukar Partridge, 418, 627 



Chulim River, 35, 49 ; tumuli on 

 steppe, 66 



Church and Phelps, Messrs., 580 ; 

 publication, 635 



Clementi, C, 25 ; astronomical 

 position for Kumul, by, 496 ; 

 visits Kumul, 498 



Climate of Minnusinsk district, 40, 

 76, 79 ; of Upper Yenisei basin, 

 112, 161, 184 ; of N.W. Mongolia, 

 254-6, 261 ; of Mongolia, 292-3 ; 

 of Karlik Tagh, 512, 513-14,522, 

 523 ; of Bogdo-ola, 536, 537-8 



