658 



INDEX 



15 n. ; origin of, 51 ; religious 

 ideas of, 58, 137; first signs of, 

 122 ; introduction to, 124 ; Ala- 

 su, encampment of, 124-8 ; yearly 

 movements of, 132 ; Buddhistic 

 ceremony, 151 ; as fishermen, 

 153 ; as watermen, 153 ; encamp- 

 ment near Skobiefi, 156 ; lamas, 

 151. 193 ; limits of territory, 

 188, 260 ; religion, 192-4 ; reli- 

 gious ceremony, 193-4 ; religious 

 ideas of, 241-56 ; early history 

 of, 198, 199, 204 ; nomenclature 

 of, 199 ; tribes of Oinar and On- 

 dar, 200 ; of Kossogol, 201 ; of 

 Altai, 200 ; affinities with Aba- 

 kan Tartars, 200, 201 ; distribu- 

 tion of, 201, 202 ; area of ter- 

 ritory, 201 ; estimate of, popula- 

 tion, 202 ; tribal division of, 202, 

 203 ; tribal areas delimitated, 203 ; 

 administration of, 204, 205 ; ab- 

 sorption by Siberians, 206 ; La- 

 maism amongst, 192, 193, 206; 

 taxes imposed upon, 206-8, 228 ; 

 nomadic tendencies of, 208-11, 



214 ; reindeer-keeping section, 

 209 ; sheep and cattle rearing 

 section, 210-11 ; effect of religion 

 upon, 211 ; domestic economy of, 

 212 ; differences between rein- 

 deer-clans and others, 208, 209, 

 236, 237, 240 ; distribution of 

 reindeer-clans, 212, 213 ; isola- 

 tion of, 213 ; character of, 131, 

 213, 214, 215 ; laziness of, 172, 



215 ; shyness of, 215 ; dealings 

 of, with Russian traders, 163, 164, 

 215 ; ethnographical affinities of, 

 18, 126, 215; average height of, 

 216; hair of, 216-18; " blond- 

 ness " of, 217, 218 ; hair-dressing, 

 218 ; dress, headgear, boots, 219 ; 

 food, 220 ; fur-hunting, 221 ; de- 

 sire for children, 222 ; melancholia 

 of, 222 ; musical instruments, 222 ; 

 wood-carvings, 223 ; wrestling, 

 224-5 ; skill in hunting, 225-8 ; 

 dogs, 227-8 ; as fishermen, 229 ; 

 as watermen, 229, 230 ; singing, 



229, 230 ; herding of reindeer, 



230, 234, 235 ; riding reindeer, 

 235; use of reindeer, 235-6; 

 Mongolized section of, 237 ; 

 use of yurts, 238 ; herds of, 238 ; 



horses of, 238 ; use of lasso, 239- 

 40 ; Shammanism amongst, 241, 

 256 ; ancestor worship amongst, 

 61, 243 ; idolatry amongst, 243, 

 253-4 ; belief in a Supreme Being, 

 244, 253-6 ; effect of environ- 

 ment upon, 214, 242-4 ; of Altai, 

 325. 326, 327 



Uriu Nor, 266, 273, 277, 286, 287 



Urkashar Mountains, 389, 406, 

 407 ; as portion of northern 

 border-range of Dzungaria, 379; 

 position of, between life-zones of 

 Central Asia, 627, 628 ; wild- 

 sheep of, 548 



Urkhogaitu Pass, 370, 373, 373 n. 



Urta Saryk Valley, 560, 568, 576 ; 

 ibex in, 576-7, 578 



Urumchi, 4, 382, 383, 399 ; seat of 

 government, 395 ; as site of 

 ancient Uigur capital, 383-4 ; 

 nomenclature of, 443-4, 444 n. ; 

 position of, 444 ; population of, 

 445 ; postal service to and from, 

 445-6 ; to Guchen, 447-8 ; from, 

 to Kumul, 447-8 



Urungu River, 19, 381 ; Torguts of, 

 391 ; as Kirei territory, 358, 359 



Usinsk Range, 96 ; town, 42, 165, 

 180 



Uss River, 103, no ; pass, 113 



Utt River, 202, 203 



Uturuk, 52T, 522 



Vacelkoff, 163 



Vambery, A., cited, 366, 618 ; pub- 

 lication, 638 



Vegetation in Dzungaria, 382, 377. 

 See also Forests 



Verkhoyansk, 34 



Vladimir Riedel, 63, 64 



Vladimirtsoff, B. V., 272, 274 ; 

 publication, 639 



Wang, dog, 595 

 Wang-fu, 262-3 

 Wapiti deer, 161, 162, 179, 227 ; 



in Altai, 344, 422, 582 ; in Urta 



Saryk, 576 ; in Karlik Tagh, 627 ; 



of Mongolia and Dzungaria, 628 

 Wiggins, Capt., 38 

 Wild-ass, 439, 460, 582, 628. See also 



Kulon 



