90 THE PITUITARY AND 



the whole gland, but that a removal limited to the 

 posterior lobe causes no symptoms at all. 



The animal, after a total removal, shows no 

 deviation from the normal for a period varying from 

 thirty-six hours to two weeks after the operation. 

 Then it becomes unsteady, there are arching of 

 the back, low temperature, shivering, and death 

 in unconsciousness. Achsner, Handelsmann and 

 Horsley, Morawski and others, however, find that 

 death is by no means inevitable after enucleation 

 either of the anterior lobe or the whole gland, and 

 positive evidence of survivals must outweigh state- 

 ments to the contrary. 



Gushing has found it possible to effect partial 

 removals of the gland. In young animals, the result 

 is that an " infantile " type is maintained, and the 

 secondary sexual characters do not develop. In 

 older animals, the genitals atrophy, and they get very 

 fat. He gives very convincing photographs showing 

 that these changes are quite marked. 



Another consequence is a remarkable influence 

 upon the metabohsm of sugar. We shall see that 

 removal of the pancreas causes glycosuria. Partial 

 removal of the pituitary, on the other hand, causes an 

 increased power of warehousing sugar in the body. 

 In man, if more than 150 grams of glucose are 

 taken at a dose, some will overflow in the urine. If 

 the action of the pituitary was subnormal, judging 

 by the results of animal experiments and a few 

 observations on man, even a larger dose than this 

 would not cause glycosuria. 



