220 CEREBRAL LOCALIZATION 



with dysphagia, laryngeal palsy, cardiac attacks, 

 etc. ; pressure on the twelfth, with deviation of 

 the protruded tongue. Of these, the facial and 

 auditory nerves are most often affected, there being 

 complete unilateral deafness in most of the cases. 

 In cerebellar tumours these two nerves may be 

 interfered with, but not to any considerable degree. 

 4. Pressure on the pons, causing crossed hemiplegic 

 weakness, with exaggerated reflexes and extensor 

 response. The cases may live for years, but there 

 is a liability to sudden death by crowding of the 

 cerebellum down through the foramen magnum. 



LOCALIZATION OF SENSATION IN THE 

 CEREBRAL CORTEX. 



Hearing. — Although it is certain that monkeys 

 which have suffered bilateral removal of the temporal 

 cortex give every evidence that they can hear, it is 

 very difficult to be equally certain that sounds are 

 still appreciated in consciousness by them, and 

 recognized for what they signify. It is no more 

 evidence of conscious hearing that a monkey looks 

 round when a bell sounds, than it is of conscious pain 

 that a man with a fractured spine withdraws a foot 

 pricked by a pin. 



At any rate, there is a fair amount of evidence, 

 both anatomical and clinical, to locate this function 

 in the temporal region, and none to locate it else- 

 where. The most convincing observation on record 

 was made by Gushing, who stimulated the exposed 

 temporal cortex in a conscious man, and the patient 

 said that he noticed a buzzing noise. 



