228 CEREBRAL LOCALIZATION 



According to Sir Victor Horsley, abscesses of the 

 brain involving the Rolandic area usually lead to a 

 raised temperature on the opposite side of the body, 

 whereas, if the location is in front of or behind this 

 region, the temperature is subnormal. 



APRAXIA. 



More definite evidence, however, is now available. 

 There are a number of carefully studied cases on 

 record in which, with no actual paralysis, there has 

 been a remarkable clumsiness in the performance of 

 movements requiring any skill, and in which the 

 patient has been quite unable to make some movement 

 voluntarily or in response to command, although he 

 may unconsciously do that very thing under the 

 influence of emotion or by accident. This condition 

 is called apraxia. It is most convincing when it is 

 unilateral. Thus, a musician may lose the power of 

 playing his instrument, or the clerk his power of 

 writing. In Liepmann's classic case, one of the first 

 to be described, there was apraxia of the right arm 

 and leg. " Asked to put his right forefinger on his 

 nose, he said, ' Yes,' and with his stretched forefinger 

 executed wide circling movements in the air. He 

 made the correct movement at once with his left 

 hand. Asked to close his right hand into a fist, 

 he performed various absurd movements of his arm 

 and body, but attained the required goal at once with 

 his left hand. When asked to give the examiner 

 a certain object with his right hand, he frequently 

 picked up the wrong thing, and still holding it in 

 his hand, used the left to take up the required object 



