30 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



primaries averaging intermediate ; 

 length about 26.00, wing 15.15-18.30, 

 culmen 1.90-2.20, depth of bill 

 through angle .60-.80, tarsus 2.15- 

 2.20, middle toe (without claw) 1.60- 

 2.15. Hob. Southern Europe and 

 central Asia, from the Mediterranean 

 to Bering's, China, and Japan Seas, 

 and down the North American coast 



to California, in winter 52. L. 



cachinnans PALL. Pallas's Gull. 

 j*. Mantle delicate pearl-gray, decidedly 

 paler than in L. cachinnans ; eyelids 

 (in life) yellow, and feet pale flesh- 

 color. Young : Brownish gray, nearly 

 uniform on lower parts, the head and 

 neck streaked, and the upper parts 

 irregularly varied with pale grayish 

 buff or dull whitish; quills, their 

 coverts, and tail-feathers, dusky 

 blackish ; bill blackish, paler basally. 

 Downy young: Grayish white, the 

 lower parts (except throat) immacu- 

 late; head marked with irregular 

 spots of black ; back, wings, and rump 

 clouded with dusky grayish. 

 A' 1 . "White near end of outer quill usu- 

 ally extending to extreme tip, 

 without interruption by a sub- 

 terminal black bar ; the latter, if 

 present at all, usually very small 

 and rarely continuous; length 

 about 23.00, wing 15.75-17.90 

 (16.38), culmen 1.85-2.20 (2.07), 

 depth of bill through angle .72- 

 .80 (.77), tarsus 2.30-2.72 (2.50), 

 middle toe 1.90-2.25 (2.07). Eggs 

 2.91 X 1-98. Hab. Europe, etc.; 

 casual in eastern North America ? 

 51. L. argentatus BR^NN. 

 Herring Gull. 



#*. White near end of outer quill always 

 separated from the white tip by 

 a distinct subterminal bar or 

 spot of black, this rarely less 



