DAFILA. 97 



with green, and rather broadly tipped with brownish white. Downy young : Above 

 grayish brown, with a brownish white spot on each side of back, and a correspond- 

 ing pair on the rump ; pileum darker brown than nape ; rest of head and neck, with 

 entire lower parts, pale grayish fulvous, or dull pale buff, shaded with grayish 

 across jugulum ; side of head with a dark brown stripe, from upper posterior angle 

 of bill to eye, and thence back about half way to occiput ; beneath this a similar 

 stripe crossing auriculars and extending back towards nape. Length 17.00-21.00, 

 wing 9.00-10.00, culmen 2.60-2.90, width of bill at end 1.10-1.20, at base .60, tarsus 

 1.40-1.50. Eggs 2.12 X 1.48,' pale olive-buff or brownish buff. Hab. Northern 

 hemisphere in general, breeding chiefly northward. 



142. S. clypeata (LiNN.). Shoveller. 



GENUS DAFILA STEPHENS. (Page 85, pi. XXIII., fig. 4.) 



Species. 



a 1 . Lower half of head plain brown (male) or dull whitish streaked with dusky 

 (female) ; tail dusky or grayish, the feathers (except middle pair) with paler 

 edges; lower parts white, sometimes streaked, but never spotted, with 

 dusky ; secondaries narrowly tipped with white or buffy ; bill lead-color with 

 black stripe on culmen (in male) or entirely dusky (female). (Subgenus 

 Dafila.) 



Adult male: Head and upper neck plain hair-brown, darker on crown, and 

 faintly glossed on sides of occiput with metallic green and purple ; upper 

 half of hind-neck black, with a white stripe on each side, confluent with 

 the white of the crop and other lower parts ; back, sides, and flanks 

 finely waved with white and dusky; longer scapulars velvety black, 

 edged with whitish ; tertials silvery gray, marked with a velvety black 

 median stripe ; speculum varying from dull metallic green to bronzy 

 purple, tipped with white, and crossed by a sub terminal bar of velvety 

 black ; wing-coverts uniform brownish gray, the last row broadly tipped 

 with cinnamon, producing a distinct bar; length about 26.00-30.00, 

 wing 10.25-11.20, middle tail-feathers 7.25-9.50, culmen 1.85-2.15, tarsus 

 1.55-1.85. Adult female : Above grayish dusky, varied with irregular 

 bars of yellowish white or pale ochraceous, these markings often U- 

 shaped ; wing much as in the male, but colors duller, the smaller cov- 

 erts tipped with whitish ; head and neck dingy whitish, everywhere 

 streaked, except sometimes on throat, with blackish ; lower parts chiefly 

 white, the flanks and under tail-coverts streaked with dusky; length 

 21.00-23.50, wing 9.60-10.10, middle tail-feathers 4.50-5.00, culmen 1.80- 

 2.10, tarsus 1.65. Male in breeding plumage : Similar to adult female, but 

 wings as in spring and winter plumage. Young male : Similar to adult 

 female, but markings on upper parts more transverse, and belly some- 

 times (always ?) streaked with dusky. Young female : Similar to young 

 male, but speculum pale brownish, more or less marked with dusky an- 

 teriorly ; lower parts everywhere thickly streaked with dusky. Downy 



18 



