BRANTA. 117 



c 1 . Lower parts light brownish gray, fading gradually into white on anal 

 region ; white cheek-patches usually confluent on throat ; white collar 

 round lower neck usually wanting, rarely distinct. 



d 1 . Larger (wing usually more than 16.00, culmen usually more than 

 1.75) ; tail-feathers usually 18-20 ; length about 35.00-43.00, 

 wing 15.60-21.00, culmen 1.55-2.70, tarsus 2.45-3.70. Eggs 

 3.55 X 2.27. Hab. Temperate North America, breeding chiefly 

 within the United States. 



172. B. canadensis (LiNN.). Canada Goose. 



d 2 . Smaller (wing usually less than 16.00, culmen usually less than 

 1.75) ; length about 25.00-34.00, wing 14.75-17.75, culmen 1.20- 

 1.90, tarsus 2.25-3.20. Eggs 3.18 X 2.10. Hab. Arctic and sub- 

 arctic America ; south, in winter, through United States, chiefly 

 west of Alleghanies; northeastern Asia (Japan to eastern 



Siberia) 172a. B. canadensis hutchinsii (Sw. & EICH.). 



Hutchins's Goose. 



c 2 . Lower parts deep grayish brown or brownish gray (often not con- 

 spicuously paler than upper parts), abruptly defined against white 

 of anal region ; white cheek-patches usually separated by a black 

 throat-stripe, or black mottling on throat ; white collar round lower 

 neck usually very distinct. 



d l . Larger (wing more than 16.00, culmen more than 1.25) ; tail- 

 feathers usually 18-20 ; length about 35.00 ; wing 16.25-18.00, 

 culmen 1.40-1.65, tarsus 3.05-3.25. Hab. Northwest coast 

 of North America, north to Sitka ; south, in winter, to Cali- 

 fornia 1726. B. canadensis occidentalis (BAIRD). 



White-cheeked Goose. 



d 2 . Smaller (wing less than 16.00, culmen less than 1.25) ; tail-feathers 

 usually 14-16; length about 23.00-25.00, wing 13.60-14.50, 

 culmen 0.95-1.15, tarsus 2.40-2.75. Eggs 3.02 X 2.00. Hab. 

 Pacific coast of North America, breeding chiefly about the 

 shores of Norton Sound and the lower Yukon ; south, in winter, 

 to California, and, more rarely, to upper Mississippi Valley (Wis- 

 consin, etc.). 



173c. B. canadensis minima KIDGW. Cackling Goose. 



6 2 . Head mostly white, the lores, occiput, neck, and chest (sometimes back 

 also) black. Above bluish gray, the feathers marked with a broad sub- 

 terminal bar of black and a narrow terminal bar of white ; lower parts 

 grayish white, the sides and flanks brownish gray, the feathers with 

 whitish tips ; length 23.50-28.00, wing 14.90-16.90, culmen 1.10-1.45, 

 tarsus 2.50-3.00. Eggs 3.71 X 2.38. Hab. Northern Europe ; occasional 

 on Atlantic coast of North America (Hudson's Bay to North Carolina). 

 175. B. leucopsis (BECHST.). Barnacle Goose. 

 a 8 . Head entirely black. 



6 1 . Middle of neck with a patch of white streaks on each side ; upper parts 



