PHALAROPUS. 145 



ish, distinctly bordered with buff or ochraceous ; middle wing-coverts 

 bordered with buff or whitish ; forehead, supra-auricular stripe, lores, 

 and lower parts white, the chest and sides of breast sometimes suffused 

 with dull brownish ; ear-coverts dusky. Downy young : Above bright 

 tawny, the rump with three parallel stripes of black, enclosing two 

 of paler fulvous than the ground-color ; a triangular patch of brown 

 on crown, bounded irregularly with blackish ; a black line over ears ; 

 throat and rest of head pale tawny ; rest of lower parts white, be- 

 coming grayish posteriorly. Length 7.00-8.00, wing 4.00-4.45, culmen 

 .80-.90, tarsus .75-.80, middle toe .65-.7S. Eggs 3-4, 1.20 X .82, pale 

 olive-drab or olive-buff, thickly speckled or spotted with dark brown. 

 Hab. Northern portions of northern hemisphere, breeding far north- 

 ward 223. P. lobatus (LINN.). Northern Phalarope. 



a*. Wing more than 4.50 ; tarsus more than 1.00 ; web between outer and middle 

 toes not reaching to second joint of the latter; lateral membrane of all the 

 toes narrow and not distinctly " scalloped." (Subgenus Steganopus VIEILL.) 

 Adult female in summer : Forehead and crown pale bluish gray, the former 

 with a blackish line along each side; occiput and hind-neck white, 

 changing to plumbeous-gray on back ; stripe on side of head and con- 

 tinued broadly down side of neck deep black, changing gradually on 

 lower portion into rich dark chestnut, this continued backward along 

 each side of back ; short stripe above lores and eyes, chin, cheeks, and 

 throat, pure white ; fore-neck and chest soft buffy cinnamon ; rest of 

 lower parts white ; length 9.40-10.00, wing 5.20-5.30, culmen 1.30-1.35, 

 tarsus 1.30-1.35, middle toe .90-1.00. Adult male in summer: Smaller 

 and much duller in color than the female, with the beautiful tints and 

 pattern of the latter but faintly indicated ; length 8.25-9.00, wing 4.75- 

 4.80, culmen 1.25, tarsus 1.20-1.25, middle toe .90. Winter plumage: 

 Above plain ash-gray ; upper tail-coverts, superciliary stripe, and lower 

 parts white, the chest and sides of breast shaded with pale gray. Young : 

 Top of head, back, and scapulars dusky blackish, the feathers distinctly 

 bordered with buff; wing-coverts also bordered with pale buff or 

 whitish ; upper tail-coverts, superciliary stripe, and lower parts, white, 

 the neck tinged with buff. Downy young : Bright tawny, paler beneath, 

 the belly nearly white ; occiput and hind-neck with a distinct median 

 streak of black, on the former branching laterally into two narrow 

 irregular lines ; lower back and rump with three broad black stripes ; 

 flanks with a black spot, and region of tail crossed with a wide bar of 

 the same. Eggs 3-4, 1.28 X -90, pale grayish buff varying to brownish 

 buff, thickly speckled and spotted with dark brown or brownish black. 

 Hab. Temperate North America, but chiefly the interior; north to 

 eastern Oregon, the Saskatchewan, and Nova Scotia ; south, during 

 migrations, to Brazil and Patagonia. (Not recorded from Pacific slope 

 of California, Oregon, or "Washington Territory.) 



224. P. tricolor (VIEILL.). Wilson's Phalarope. 

 19 



