CHARADRIUS. 173 



A very small rudimentary nind toe ; axillars sooty blackish. (Subgenus Squata- 

 rola CUVIER.) 



Summer adult : Lower parts, except sides of chest, thighs, anal region, and 

 lower tail-coverts (which are white), and sides of head up to and in- 

 cluding lores and ear-coverts, uniform black ; upper parts irregularly 

 spotted with dusky and whitish, except on forehead and thence back to 

 sides of breast, which are immaculate white. Winter adult : Black of 

 lower parts replaced by plain white, the fore-neck and chest, however, 

 streaked and somewhat spotted with dusky; upper parts with white 

 spotting replaced by grayish. Young: Similar to winter adult, but 

 upper parts speckled with pale yellowish. Downy young : Above olive- 

 yellowish, marbled with blackish, the hind-neck white ; a blackish line 

 along sides of crown, another from bill to eye (across lores), and a less 

 distinct, somewhat curved, streak beneath eye; lower parts white. 

 Length 10.50-12.00, wing 7.50, culmen 1.10, tarsus 1.95, middle toe 1.15. 

 Eggs 2.04 X 1-43, light buify olive, spotted and speckled with dark brown 

 and brownish black, or deep black. Hab. Northern portions of northern 

 hemisphere, breeding far northward ; nearly cosmopolitan during migra- 

 tions 270. C. squatarola LINN. Black-bellied Plover. 



No hind toe ; axillars grayish or white. (Subgenus Charadrius.} 

 b l . Axillars and under wing-coverts white. 



Summer adult : Above dusky, speckled with bright ochre-yellow ; sides 

 of head (up to and including lores and auriculars), chin, throat, and 

 lower parts, uniform dull black, or dusky, that of the head and neck 

 bordered behind by a broad pure white stripe, extending from fore- 

 head to sides of chest. Winter adult : No black on lower parts, 

 which are white on throat and belly, elsewhere light brownish 

 gray, streaked on chest, etc., with darker ; upper parts less marked 

 with yellow than in summer (?). Young: Similar to winter adult, 

 but upper parts strongly marked and conspicuously speckled with 

 yellowish, the chest, etc., strongly suffused with the same. Downy 

 young : Bright " golden," varied with black on the head and back, 

 the hind-part of the head bright yellow ; a spot under the eye and 

 under surface of the body pure white. Length about 10.50, wing 

 6.80-7.20, culmen .85-90, tarsus 1.50-1.65, middle toe .95-1.00. Eggs 

 2.07 X 1-40, dull light grayish buff, olive-buff, or brownish buff, 

 spotted with brownish black. Hab. Northern Europe in summer, 

 south into Africa in winter ; breeding also in eastern Greenland. 



271. C. apricarius LINN. Golden Plover. 

 b*. Axillars and under wing-coverts smoky gray. (Otherwise, in all stages, 



much like C. apricarius.} 



c 1 . With longer 1 wings, relatively shorter tarsi and toes, and less golden 

 coloration, especially in immature and winter plumages ; length 

 9.50-10.80, wing 6.80-7.40 (7.09), culmen .80-1.00 (.92), tarsus 1.55- 

 1.82 (1.70), middle toe .80-1.05 (.90). Eggs 1.90 X 1-30, pale buffy 



