186 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



e*. Toes entirely naked ; tail two-thirds to four-fifths as long as 



wing ; plumage never white. Dendragapus. (Page 194.) 



6*. Lower portion of tarsus completely naked ; tail nearly as long as wing, 



fan-shaped ; sides of neck with a broad tuft or ruff of soft, broad-webbed 



feathers Bonasa. (Page 197.) 



GENUS COTURNIX BoNNATEBRE. 1 (Page 184.) 



Species. 



Adult male : Above light brown, the back, scapulars, rump, and upper tail-cov- 

 erts broadly and sharply streaked with buff, each buff streak being bordered along 

 each side by a narrow blackish streak ; in addition to these markings the feathers 

 have narrow bars of blackish and pale buffy brown, the scapulars with irregular 

 spots of the former ; wing-coverts barred with dusky and buffy, and marked with 

 narrow mesial streaks of buffy or whitish ; quills dull grayish brown, spotted or 

 irregularly barred on outer webs with ochraceous-buff ; a distinct superciliary 

 stripe of buffy or dull whitish ; under-part and sides of head and neck whitish or 

 buffy, the middle of the throat with more or less of a brownish or dusky longitu- 

 dinal patch, connecting below with a dusky or brownish stripe extending obliquely 

 upward to ear-coverts ; below and behind these brownish markings, and usually 

 separated from them by a whitish or buffy space, another, usually interrupted line 

 of dusky or brownish spots, these sometimes blended into a continuous stripe ; chest 

 and breast light cinnamon-brownish, with paler shaft-streaks, the lateral portions 

 more broadly streaked, the lighter streaks bordered along each side by blackish ; 

 rest of lower parts buffy, the sides and flanks streaked with dusky. Adult female : 

 Similar to the male, but throat without dusky markings, and chest and breast 

 buffy, spotted, longitudinally, with blackish. Downy young (partially feathered) : 

 " Centre of crown dark brown, with a central buff stripe ; sides of the crown warm 

 reddish buff; upper parts generally blackish brown, barred with warm buff, and 

 marked with long buffy white stripes ; chin, throat, and sides of head buffy white ; 

 rest of the under-parts buffy white, closely spotted with blackish brown." 

 (DRESSER.) Length about 7.00, wing 4.10-4.30, culmen .25-.30, tarsus 1.00-1.15. 

 Hab. Northern portions of eastern hemisphere in general ; introduced into (and 

 partially naturalized in ?) various portions of eastern United States. 



C. coturnix (LiNN.). European Quail. 2 



GENUS COLINUS LESSON. (Page 185, pi. LVL, fig. 1.) 



Species. 



COMMON CHARACTERS. Upper parts mottled grayish, tinged more or less with 

 rusty and more or less vermiculated with dusky and whitish ; quills plain grayish, 

 and tail chiefly bluish gray; lower parts usually whitish, varied with black and 



i Coturnix BONNATERRE, Tabl. Encyl. et M6th. i. 1790, 217. Type, Tetrao coturnix LINK. 



J Tetrao coturnix LINN., S. N. ed. 10, i. 1758, 161. Coturnix coturnix LIGHT., Norn. Mus. Berol. 1854, 84. 



