196 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



with dark rusty. Young : Similar to corresponding stage of D. ob- 

 scurus, but darker colored and more rusty. Eggs 1.89 X 1.36. Hab. 

 Mountains near Pacific coast, from California to Sitka. 



297a. D. obscurus fuliginosus EIDGW. Sooty Grouse. 



b 2 . Tail without a distinct terminal band of gray. In other respects similar to 

 D. obscurus, but tail-feathers broader, more truncated at tip, the tail more 

 even. Eggs 1.84 X 1-30. Hab. Northern Eocky Mountains, from cen- 

 tral Montana northward. 



2976. D. obscurus richardsonii (SAB.). Richardson's Grouse. 

 a 2 . Tail of 16 feathers ; no obvious air-sac on side of neck ; wing less than 8.00. 

 (Subgenus Canachites STEJN.) 



Adult males : Above transversely varied with black and grayish ; beneath 

 black, with a white border to the throat, and broad white tips to many of 

 the feathers, the sides and flanks with wedge-shaped streaks of white ; tail 

 black, with or without rufous tip. Adult female : Above barred with black, 

 gray, and ochraceous, or buify, the first predominating; beneath whitish 

 (more buffy or ochraceous anteriorly), distinctly and broadly barred with 

 black ; flanks and scapulars usually streaked medially with white. Downy 

 young : Pale buff-yellow, the top of head, back, and wings pale rusty, or 

 fulvous ; stripe on side of head (from bill to end of ear-coverts), two 

 spots on crown, and transverse spots on back and wings black. Length 

 14.70-16.20, wing about 6.50-7.35, tail 5.00-5.75. Eggs buffy or pale 

 brownish, more or less speckled or spotted with deep brown. 

 b l . Adult male with tail tipped with ochraceous-rufous, the upper tail- 

 coverts without white tips. Adult female with tail-feathers broadly 

 ochraceous or ochraceous-rufous at tips. Downy young : Occiput, 

 back, and .rump uniform bright rusty, the first completely encircled 

 with black, and the last sometimes marked with two stripes of the 

 same ; rest of plumage, including forehead, fore-part of crown, and 

 broad superciliary stripe, brownish buff, tinged with lemon-yellow 

 on lower parts ; two black spots on middle line of forehead, and a 

 black line on side of head, sometimes interrupted in front of eye. 

 (To be immediately distinguished from young of the Ptarmigans by 

 naked toes.) Eggs 1.71 X 1-22. Hab. Northern North America, 

 east of Eocky Mountains, from northern portions of New England, 

 New York, Michigan, and Minnesota to Alaska (reaching coast at 

 Kadiak, St. Michael's, etc.). 



298. D. canadensis (LiNN.). Canada Grouse. 



6*. Adult male with tail black to extreme tip (or else tip narrowly mar- 

 gined with pure white), the upper tail-coverts broadly tipped with 

 pure white. Adult female with tail-feathei*s narrowly white at tips. 

 Eggs 1.68 X 1-24. Hab. Northern Eocky Mountains (chiefly north 

 of the United States), and west to the coast ranges. 



299. D. franklinri (DOUGL.). Franklin's Grouse. 



