280 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



ORDER PICI. THE WOODPECKERS, WRYNECKS, ETC. 



(Page 3.) 



Families. 



i 



(Characters same as those given for the Order) Picidse. (Page 280.) 



FAMILY PICIDSE. THE WOODPECKERS. (Page 280.) 



Genera, 



a 1 . Outer hind-toe longer than outer anterior toe. 

 b l . Two hind-toes. 



c l . Conspicuously crested, and size very large (wing 7.00, or more). 



Campephilus. (Page 281.) 

 c 2 . Without crest, and size small (wing not more than 5.00). 



d 1 . Nasal groove extending nearly to tip of bill ; terminal half of bill 



not distinctly compressed. 



e 1 . Tongue greatly extensile; plumage much varied with black 

 (or brown) and white, the latter prevailing on lower parts. 



Dryobates. (Page 281.) 



e*. Tongue very slightly extensile ; plumage uniform black, with 

 white head and white spotting on basal portion of quills. 



Xenopicus. (Page 286.) 



<P. Nasal groove running out on cutting-edge of upper mandible, about 

 half-way to tip ; terminal portion of bill distinctly compressed. 



Tongue scarcely extensile Sphyrapicus. (Page 288.) 



b". Only one hind-toe. 



Bill broad and much flattened Picoides. (Page 286.) 



a 1 . Outer hind-toe not longer than outer anterior toe. 



b l . Head conspicuously crested; large (wing not less than 7.25 usually 



much more) Ceophloeus. (Page 289.) 



b*. Head not crested ; small or medium (wing less than 7.25 usually much 



less). 



c 1 . Upper mandible with a distinct lateral ridge and nasal groove, the tip 

 more or less truncated ; plumage of lower parts without spots, the 

 under surface of quills and tail-feathers without yellow or red. 



Melanerpes. (Page 290.) 



(?. Upper mandible without distinct lateral ridge or nasal groove, the tip 

 scarcely or not at all truncated ; plumage of lower parts spotted 

 with black ; under surface of quills and tail-feathers chiefly yellow 

 or reddish, the shafts brighter yellow or red. 



Colaptes. (Page 295.) 



