DRYOBATES. 283 



d*. "Wing-coverts and tertials plain black, or else with very little of 



white spotting. 



e l . Larger, with lower parts usually white (frequently pure 

 white, rarely smoky grayish) ; length about 9.00-10.00, 

 wing 4.70-5.30 (5.00), tail 3.20-3.75 (3.43), culmen 1.12-1.40 

 (1.26). Eggs .96 X -75. Hab. Western United States, east 

 to Eocky Mountains, south to table-lands of Mexico. 



393c. D. villosus harrisii (AuD.). 

 Harris's Woodpecker. 



6*. Smaller, with lower parts usually deep smoky brown (rarely 

 smoky gray) ; length about 7.00-8.00, wing 3.80-4.90 

 (4.24), tail 2.45-3.20 (2.75), culmen .95-1.18 (1.00). Hab. 

 Central America, south to Yeragua, north to eastern 

 Mexico (Puebla and Yera Cruz). 



D. villosus jardinii (MALH.). Jardine's Woodpecker. 1 



c 2 . Lateral tail-feathers with a greater or less number of black bars ; cul- 

 men not more than .80 ; wing usually less than 4.00. 

 d 1 . Middle and greater wing-coverts conspicuously spotted with white ; 

 length about 6.25-7.00, wing 3.40-4.05 (3.72), tail 2.25-2.90 

 (2.51), culmen .6S-.82 (.73). Eggs .77 X -58. Hab. Northern 

 and eastern North America, and, sporadically, western North 

 America (Colorado, California, etc.) also. 



394. D. pubescens (LINN.). Downy Woodpecker. 

 d?. Middle and greater wing-coverts plain black, or else but slightly 

 spotted with white; length about 6.25-7.00, wing 3.55-4.15 

 (3.76), tail 2.30-2.70 (2.51), culmen .70-.80 (.75). Eggs .74 X 

 .56. Hab. Western United States, east to Eocky Mountains, 

 north to British Columbia, south to New Mexico. 



394a. D. pubescens gairdnerii (Auo.). 



Gairdner's Woodpecker. 



Back barred with white; sides and flanks spotted or streaked (or both) 



with black. 



c 1 . Ear-coverts entirely white ; lores black ; male with a narrow (usually 

 concealed) streak of red along each side of occiput. 



Length about 7.50-8.50, wing 4.50-5.00, tail 3.20-3.50, exposed 

 culmen .75-.S5. Eggs .91 X -68. Hab. Southeastern United 

 States, north regularly to North Carolina and Tennessee 

 (irregularly to New Jersey), west to Indian Territory and 

 eastern Texas. 



395. D. borealis (YIEILL.). Red-cockaded Woodpecker. 

 c 2 . Ear-coverts black or brown, bordered above and below by a white 

 stripe; lores whitish, dull grayish, or dusky; adult males with a 

 patch of red extending entirely across the occiput. 



1 Pious jardinii MALE., Rev. Zool. 1848, 374. 



