CORVUS. 361 



locality). Eggs 2-7, pale bluish green, pale olive, or olive, spotted or dashed (or 

 both) with olive- brown (sometimes nearly uniform olive, from density of 

 markings). 



a 1 . Feathers of throat lanceolate, distinct from one another. (Ravens.) (Nest usually 



among rocks.) 



b l . Feathers of neck dull gray at base ; nasal tufts covering not more than 

 basal half of upper mandible ; exposed culmen 2.40, or more, wing more 

 than 15.00. 

 c 1 . Third quill equal to or longer than fifth. 



d l . Bill relatively shorter and higher, lanceolate feathers of throat 

 less developed, more purplish in color, and plumage usually 

 less lustrous; wing 16.75-18.00 (17.25), tail 9.40-10.00 (9.60), 

 exposed culmen 2.65-3.00 (2.81), depth of bill through nostril 

 1.05-1.12 (1.08), tarsus 2.78-2.95 (2.86). Hab. Europe and parts 

 of Asia. C. corax LINN. Raven. 1 



d 2 . Bill relatively longer and shallower, lanceolate feathers of throat 

 larger, more violet or bluish, and plumage usually more 

 lustrous. 



e 1 . With smaller or slenderer bill, the tarsus more slender, with 

 less of upper portion concealed by feathering of lower 

 part of thighs; length about 21.50-26.00, wing 15.10-18.00 

 (16.87), tail 9.00-11.00 (9.86), exposed culmen 2.40-3.05 

 (2.80), depth of bill through nostril .82-1.05 (.94), tarsus 

 2.60-3.00 (2.78). Eggs 1.98 X 1-29. Hab. Western United 

 States, and south to Guatemala. 



486. C. corax sinuatus (WAGL.). Mexican Raven. 

 e 2 . With larger or stouter bill, tarsus shorter and stouter, with 

 more of upper portion concealed by feathering of lower 

 part of thighs ; length about 22.00-26.50, wing 16.50-18.00 

 (16.99), tafl 9.20-10.50 (9.86), exposed culmen 2.65-3.45 

 (3.03), depth of bill at nostrils .95-1.12 (1.04), tarsus 2.50- 

 2.80 (2.65). Eggs 2.02 X 1-38. Hab. Northern North 

 America, from Greenland to Alaska, south to British Co- 

 lumbia, Canada, New Brunswick, etc.* 



. C. corax principalis EIDQW. Northern Raven. 3 

 c 2 . Third quill decidedly shorter than fifth. 



Otherwise like C. corax principalis, but still larger ; wing 16.75- 

 18.10 (17.44), tail 10.00-10.85 (10.49), exposed culmen 3.00-3.40 



1 Corvus corax LINN., S. N. ed. 10, i. 1758, 105. 



2 From lack of specimens, I arn unable to determine which form Ravens from the eastern United States 

 belong to. 



8 New subspecies, for which there is unfortunately no older name available. Corvus carnivorus BARTR. and C. 

 lugubris AGASS. are purely nomina nuda ; C. corax var. litloralis HOLE. (1 843 ) is preoccupied ( C. littoralis BREHM, 

 1831) ; while C. vociferus CABOT, quoted by COUES and others as a synonyme of C. corax, is in reality Psilorhinus 

 mexicanna Rtfpp., and is described from Yucatan. 



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