FRINGILLIDJE. 335 



m 2 . Tertials scarcely, if at all, longer than secondaries, 



and much shorter than longest primaries. 

 n 1 . Outer tail-feather largely (sometimes wholly) 



white Junco. (Page 422.) 



n z . Outer tail-feather with little or no white. 



1 . Lower mandible much deeper than upper; 



adult males very brightly colored, with 

 more or less of blue in plumage. 



Passerina. (Page 446.) 



2 . Lower mandible not deeper than upper; 



adult males not brightly colored, and 

 without any blue in plumage. 

 p l . Tail plain blackish or dusky, with or 

 without whitish edging to outer 

 feathers. 



Amphispiza. (Page 425.) 

 p*. Tail brownish, grayish, or olive-green- 

 ish, usually without markings. 

 q l . Tail olive-green ; first quill much 

 shorter than secondaries. 



Embernagra. (Page 434.) 

 (. Tail brownish or grayish ; first quill 



not shorter than secondaries. 

 r l . Primaries exceeding secondaries 

 by more than length of ex- 

 posed culmen; distance be- 

 tween tip of outer and mid- 

 dle (or longest) tail-feathers 

 much less than length of 

 hind-toe, without claw. 

 s l . Tail more or less rounded, 

 the middle feathers 

 longest, or equal to 

 longest ; wing 3.00, or 



more Zonotrichia. 



(Page 414.) 



s 2 . Tail emarginate or double- 

 rounded, the middle 

 feathers shorter than 

 the longest ; wing less 

 than 3.00. 



Spizella. (Page 417.) 



r 2 . Primaries exceeding secondaries 



by not more than length of 



exposed culmen ; distance 



49 



