394 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



<P. Tarsus not more than .85 (usually much less), culmen not more 

 than .50 (usually less), wing usually much less than 4.30, tail 

 usually less than 3.00. 

 e 1 . General color deep cinnamon-brown. 



f l . Gray of hind-head strictly limited to that portion above 

 the ear-coverts; length 5.75-6.85, wing 3.80-4.40 (4.11), 

 tail 2.75-3.30 (3.00), culmen .40-.50 (.46), tarsus .75- 

 .86 (.79). Hab. Interior of British America, near 

 Eocky Mountains; south, in winter, through Rocky 

 Mountain district of United States (chiefly eastern 

 slope) to Colorado; east, occasionally, to western 



Iowa 524. L. tephrocotis SWAINS. 



Gray-crowned Leucosticte. 



f 2 . Gray of hind-head spread more or less extensively below 

 upper margin of ear-coverts, sometimes involving en- 

 tire head, except the black frontal patch ; length about 

 6.30-7.00, wing 3.80-4.30 (4.03), tail 2.70-3.30 (2.95), 

 culmen .40-.50 (.46), tarsus .75-.S5 (.77). Hab. Pacific 

 coast ranges of northwestern North America, from 

 Oregon (?) northward; in winter, coast, from Ka- 

 diak southward, and southeastward through moun- 

 tains of the Great Basin to western Nevada and 



eastern Colorado 524a. L. tephrocotis litto- 



ralis (BAIRD). Hepburn's Leucosticte. 

 e l . General color sooty blackish (male) or sooty slate (female). 



Adult male : Pattern of head exactly as in L. tephrocotis ; 

 the cinnamon-brown of that species replaced in the 

 male by sooty black (more brownish on back) and sooty 

 grayish in female; length about 6.50-7.00, wing 3.80- 

 4.25 (4.05), tail 2.80-3J5 (2.98), culmen .40-.45 (.43), 

 tarsus .75-80 (.78). Hab. In winter, central Eocky 

 Mountains, in Colorado and Wyoming, west to Uintah 

 Mountains, Utah ; summer range unknown. 



525. L. atrata EIDGW. Black Leucosticte. 

 c 2 . Head of adult (and young) without any ash-gray. 



Adult male : General color light tawny brown (much less rufes- 

 cent than in L. tephrocotis and L. littoralis}, deeper on throat, 

 where sometimes tinged with purplish ; top of head blackish 

 anteriorly, grayish brown or brownish gray posteriorly (not 

 markedly different from the general color of head and body), the 

 edges of the feathers more grayish, sometimes producing a 

 somewhat scaled appearance. Adult female : Similar, but very 

 much paler and duller, the pinkish tints much less distinct, 

 sometimes almost obsolete. Young: Plain light brownish, the 

 wing-coverts more buffy; no pinkish on tail-coverts, etc., nor 



