454 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



on middle portion. {Adult males plain vermilion-red, darker and 



duller on upper surface. Adult females plain ochraceous-olive or 



dull olive-yellowish above, dull light saffron-yellow beneath.) 



d 1 . Smaller, with relatively shorter bill, wings, and tail, and deeper or 



darker colors ; length 7.00-7.95, wing 3.55-3.95 (3.69), tail 2.80- 



3.15 (2.99), culmen .82-.90 (.86), tarsus .70-.80 (.74). Eggs .92 



X -68, light greenish blue, speckled or spotted, chiefly on larger 



end, with purplish brown and vandyke-brown. Hab. Eastern 



United States, north regularly to New Jersey, Ohio, Illinois, 



etc., irregularly or casually to Connecticut, Ontario, and even 



Nova Scotia ; west to edge of Great Plains ; south, in winter, 



through western Cuba, eastern Mexico, and Central America to 



northern South America. 



6.10. P. rubra (LiNN.). Summer Tanager. 



d*. Larger, with relatively longer bill, wings, and tail, and with colors 

 lighter; length 7.90-8.50, wing 3.70-4.10 (3.94), tail 3.00-3.60 

 (3.26), culmen .8S-.98 (.93), tarsus .75-.S5 (.80). Eggs .93 X 

 .69. Hab. Western Mexico and southwestern United States, 

 north to Colorado (Denver) and Arizona. 



610a. P. rubra cooperi RIDGW. Cooper's Tanager. 



c 2 . Cutting-edge of upper mandible with a distinct angle or tooth-like pro- 

 jection in middle portion. 

 d 1 . Culmen decidedly shorter than tarsus. 



e l . Adult male: Rich, pure scarlet, with wings and tail uniform 

 deep black. Adult female: Olive-green above, the wings 

 and tail more grayish (sometimes dusky grayish) ; lower 

 parts dull light greenish yellow. Length 6.50-7.50, wing 

 3.55-3.90, tail 2.80-3.25, exposed culmen about .55-.60. 

 Eggs .94 X -65, essentially similar in coloration to those 

 of P. rubra. Hab. Eastern United States and southern 

 Canada, west to edge of Great Plains; in winter, south 

 through West Indies, eastern Mexico, and Central America 

 to Peru and Bolivia. 



608. P. erythromelas VIEILL. Scarlet Tanager. 

 e 2 . Adult male : Above dull red, strongly tinged with grayish on 

 back, etc. ; lower parts light vermilion, strongly shaded 

 on sides and flanks with brownish gray ; ear-coverts dull 

 grayish red, or reddish gray, narrowly streaked with 

 white. Adult female: Above olive-green, the back more 

 grayish ; beneath olive-yellow, strongly shaded with olive 

 on sides and flanks. Young : Above olive (more grayish 

 on back), the top of head indistinctly, the back distinctly, 

 streaked with dusky ; lower parts pale yellow, the chest, 

 breast, upper belly, sides, and flanks distinctly streaked 

 with blackish. Length 7.30-8.20, wing 3.70-4.20, tail 3.20- 



