486 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



usually nearly confluent, producing a nearly continuous patch ; 

 adult female with throat and ear-coverts deep gray. Eggs .64 X -53, 

 white, finely usually sparsely and rather minutely speckled with 

 brown, chiefly on or round larger end. Hab. Eastern United States 

 and British Provinces, breeding from about 40 northward; winter- 

 ing in Cuba, eastern Mexico, Central America, and Colombia. 



642. H. chrysoptera (LiNN.). Golden-winged Warbler. 

 c 1 . Cheeks and lower parts pure gamboge-yellow, the sides tinged with 

 olive ; back, scapulars, and rump bright olive-green ; wing-bands 

 (usually, at least) white, narrower and more widely separated ; 

 adult female with throat and cheeks dusky olive-greenish. Hab. 

 Northeastern United States (New Jersey, etc.). 



. H. lawrencei HERRICK. Lawrence's Warbler. 1 



b*. Throat entirely pure yellow or white, in both sexes; ear-coverts olive-green 

 or light ash-gray for upper-half, pure yellow or white for lower half; a 

 narrow black streak behind eye. 



c 1 . Hind-neck, back, scapulars, and rump bright olive-green ; lower parts 

 (including sides of head, except as described) pure gamboge-yellow, 

 the sides and flanks tinged with olive-green ; wing-bands usually 

 white, extremely variable as to width (sometimes nearly confluent, 

 more rarely almost obsolete). Eggs .60 X .48, white, finely usually 

 minutely and rather sparsely speckled with brown and black, 

 chiefly on or round larger end. Hab. Eastern United States, north 

 to Connecticut Valley, southern New York, the Great Lakes, and 

 Minnesota (but chiefly west of Alleghanies, except north of 40) ; 

 south, in winter, to eastern Mexico and Guatemala. 



641. H. pinus (LINN.). Blue-winged Warbler. 



c 3 . Hind-neck, back, scapulars, and rump ash-gray ; lower parts, including 

 sides of head, upward nearly to eye, pure white, usually tinged on 

 breast (sometimes on chin also) with yellow, the sides and flanks 

 tinged with ash-gray; wing-bands either yellow or white, broad or 

 narrow. Hab. Eastern United States (Virginia, New Jersey, New 

 York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Michigan, etc.). 



. H. leucobronchialis BREWST. Brewster's Warbler. 2 



1 Doubtless either a hybrid of H. chrysoptera, and H. pinus, or else a yellow dichromatic phase of the 

 former. The latter supposition seems, in the light of recently studied material, to be the more probable solu- 

 tion of the case. 



1 This puzzling bird apparently bears the same relation to H. pinus that H. lawrencei does to H. chrysop- 

 trrtt. In a large series of specimens, every possible intermediate condition of plumage between typical H. 

 pinna and //. leucobronchialis is seen, just as is the case with H. chrysoptera and IT. lawrencei. If we assume, 

 therefore, that these four forms represent merely two dichroic species, in one of which (H. pinvs) the xan- 

 thochroio (yellow) phase and in the other (H. chrynoptera) the leucochroio (white) phase represents the 

 normal plumage, and admitting that those two species, in their various conditions, hybridize (which seems to 

 be an incontrovertible fact), we have an easy and altogether plausible explanation of the origin of the almost 

 interminably variable series of specimens which have found their way into the " waste-basket" labelled "H. 

 levcobronchialit." 



