508 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



uniform black or deep olive, 

 strongly contrasted with 

 yellow of adjacent parts. 

 m l . Upper parts with more or 

 less of black (in adult 

 male entirely black) ; 

 breast and belly pure 

 white ; scapulars black 

 or ash-gray. Adult 

 male: Above black, the 

 feathers of back usually 

 edged with olive-green. 

 Adult female not seen, 

 and has not been de- 

 scribed; but probably 

 much like the male, 

 with greater admix- 

 ture of olive-green on 

 upper parts and with 

 black of throat more 

 or less broken by ad- 

 mixture of yellow. 

 Young in first autumn: 

 Above olive-green, 

 slightly mixed with 

 blackish; scapulars and 

 upper tail-coverts ash- 

 gray, the latter with 

 black centres; chin 

 whitish ; upper throat 

 yellow, lower throat 

 and chest grayish white 

 superficially, but black 

 beneath surface. 

 Length about 4.50- 

 5.20, wing 2.50, tail 

 2.05-2.20. Nest usually 

 in red cedar trees, 10- 

 20 feet up, composed of 

 strips of inner bark of 

 red cedar, fastened to- 

 gether with spiders' 

 webs, lined with hair 

 and feathers ; placed 

 between upright 



