SETOPHAGA. 529 



GENUS SETOPHAGA SWAINSON. (Page 483, pi. CVIIL, figs. 1, 2.) 



Species. 



COMMON CHARACTERS. Adult males (sometimes females also) with plumage 

 mainly red and black, or red and plumbeous. 



a 1 . Belly white ; basal portion of secondaries and quills and basal half (or more) of 

 tail-feathers (except middle), light salmon-red or orange-red in adult male, 

 yellow in female and young male ; sexes very unlike in coloration. 



Adult male : Uniform glossy black, relieved by light red basal portion of 

 secondaries, quills, and tail-feathers, and sides of breast with a patch 

 of the same (varying from rich orange-red to salmon-pink and orange- 

 yellow) ; belly and lower tail-coverts white, the latter usually with 

 blackish central spots. Adult female : Pattern of coloration as in male, 

 but black replaced above by grayish olive, and on throat, etc., by grayish 

 white; wing- and tail-markings -and patches on sides of breast yellow. 

 Young male: Similar to adult female, but browner above, the colored 

 areas usually inclining more to orange or salmon-color; after first win- 

 ter, the plumage interspersed with glossy black feathers. Length 4.75- 

 5.75, wing 2.40-2.55, tail 2.30-2.45. Nest cup-shaped, compact, of plant- 

 fibres, spiders' webs, etc., usually saddled upon horizontal branch or in 

 fork, 7-30 feet from ground. Eggs 3-5, .63 X -48, white, greenish white, 

 or grayish white, speckled or spotted, chiefly round larger end, with 

 brown and lilac. Hab. Eastern North America, west to, and including, 

 Eocky Mountains, north to Fort Simpson ; in winter, West Indies, 

 eastern Mexico, Central America, and south to Ecuador. 



687. S. ruticilla (LINN.). American Redstart. 

 *. Belly red (in both sexes) ; wings and tail without red or yellow markings, but 



outer feathers of latter white ; sexes alike in coloration. 



b l . Adult: Head, neck, chest, sides, and upper parts glossy blue-black, the 

 wing with a large white patch, covering greater and middle coverts 

 and edges of tertials ; no chestnut or rufous on top of head ; breast and 

 belly rich carmine-red ; lower eyelid and under tail-coverts pure white. 

 Young: Above dull black, with white markings as in adult; beneath 

 dull grayish dusky, sometimes of a more sooty cast, the breast and belly 

 without any red. Length about 5.00-5.50, wing 2.70-2.82, tail 2.35- 

 2.78. 



c 1 . Third tail-feather with greater part of its outer web and a large portion 

 of inner web (at end) white. Nest placed within cavities in banks, 

 among rocks, etc. Eggs 3-4, .65 X -48, white, finely speckled with 

 reddish brown and lilac. Hob. Highlands of Mexico, north to 

 southern Arizona and New Mexico (and Texas ?). 



688. S. picta SWAINS. Painted Redstart. 



c*. Third tail-feather with outer web entirely black, and inner web with 



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