130 zooi< 



vertebra, on which it rests nearlv, but .not quite, in equipoise, 

 so that during slee). the head' naturally 1'alls towards the 

 chest. The ]M.\vert'ul muscles moving the head are chiefly 

 placed on the hack oi'the neck. 



At the .-ides i if tin- cranium may be seen the VUUfoid pro- 

 Fig. 78 a), to which are attached the sterno-deido- 

 mastoid musclo, MTU so conspicuously on the front and sides 

 of the neck ; by means of these the head is turned from side 

 to side. Anterior to these may he seen the orifice leading to 

 the middle ear, and to which the external ear is attached 

 ( 222, Fig. 61 e). 



270. The following bones compose the skeleton of the 

 face : the superior maxillary, 2 ; palatine, 2 ; malar, 2 ; lower 

 turbinated, 2 ; lachrymal, 2; vomer, 1; inferior maxillary, 1. 

 To these some add the intermaxillary, of which the vestiges 

 remain in man, 2; the sphenoidal turbinated, 2; finally, the 

 ethmoid and sphenoid contribute also to the formation of the face. 



These bones assist in forming certain osseous cavities con- 

 nected with the face, as the orbits ( 241), the nasal 

 and the mouth. 



The skeleton of the nose is completed by cartilages, which 

 being removed, in the skeleton makes the anterior openings of 

 the nasal fossae appear so large. These cavities are very 

 large and complex, communicating with the anterior and 

 posterior ethmoid cells; the sphenoidal and superior maxillary 

 and frontal sinuses, and also with the middle ear. They 

 are separated from each other by an osseous and cartilaginous 

 partition or septum, and from the mouth by the o 

 palate. It is in the cavities of the nostrils that we find the 

 so-called turbinated bones, of which two are distinct bones, 

 the other four being but processes of the ethmoidal. The 

 importance of these bones, as regards the sense of smell, has 

 been already adverted to. 



It is into the superior maxillary bone (speaking with refe- 

 reii.v to man) that are implanted all the teeth of the upper 

 jaw.* In youth it is, like most other hones, formed of 

 several distinct germs, nuclei, or portions, which ultimately 

 coalesce. 



intermaxillary hones, which fuse so early in man. 



* Anatoiui-t- now ),'fiiera]lv admit that 111:111 has intermaxillary In >m a^ 

 well as other mammals, which earl\ I'ccome fii-i'd with tin- urixillarx 



early all traces of tbeir early existence are lust. Tic th always 



appear in th,-*,' Unit's in tin- upper jiiw, iiml whatever In- their simp.-. 

 M they Ix-lun:,' t.. thr-i- l">n.-<. an- calif. 1 incisive. K. K. 



