134 



ZOOLOGY. 



front, arc placed on the dorsal side of the column, filling uj. 

 the grooves called vertebral, and which may be seen extending 

 on cither side the spinous processes, from the head quite to t he- 

 extremity of the sacral vertebrae. They seek attachments 

 also in the ribs and transverse processes of the vertebrae. 



The spinous processes are long and powerful in many 

 quadrupeds (Fig. 82). The muscles, on the other hand, 

 situated on the flexor side of the body, are generally small, 

 as being but little required. 



The first cervical vertebra is called the Atlas, and is much 



Fig. 82. Skeleton of the Camel.* 



more moveable than the others ; it resembles a ring, and turns 

 on a pivot furnished it by the second vertebra or dentata (axis). 

 The movement of the head forwards and backwards takes 



* The dark line represents the outline (rilhouette) of the living animal; 

 vc, cervical vertebrae ; vd, dorsal vertebra- ; r/, lumbar vertebrae; tt, sacrum 

 or sacral vertebrae ; vq, vertebrae of the tail or caudal ; c, the ribs; o, scapula; 

 h, humerus ; CM, cubitus ; ca, carpus ; me, metacarpus ; ph, phalanges ; 

 fe, femur; ro, rotula; fi, tibia; t>i, tarsus; mt t metatarsus. 



