172 



xooi.ot.y. 



J335. l^iirnJ/n s i if tin Understanding in Animal*. 

 net. no (Idiil)t, is tin- determining cause of mo>t <>t' the 

 action- of animals, proj.erly so called; but some of them 

 seem to po>>e-s a co-tain amount of memory, judgment, and 

 even the faculty of establishing certain reasonings but little 

 complicated. 



The faculty of memory is obviously possessed by many 

 animals: the horse, the dog, the elephant, remember kind- 

 nesses, and are not forgetful of ill-treatment. Even fishes 

 seem to have this faculty, for eels have been taught to recog- 

 nise the voice of their keeper. 



336. It is even impossible to deny reasoning powers to 

 some animals. Thus, the dog confined in a wooden cage will 

 continue to attack the bars, evidently hoping to destroy 



them ; but he speedily ceases 

 to attack them if made of iron. 

 When the dog sees his master 

 take his hat, he prepares him- 

 self for the journey, evidently 

 anticipating what will, or may, 

 happen ; nor can we ascribe to 

 any other faculty but that of 

 reason the conduct of the watch - 

 dog, which every night freed 

 himself of his collar, and mak- 

 ing for the fields attacked and 

 slaughtered the sheep : return- 

 ing after the butchery, he 

 washed from his mouth and 

 throat the proofs of his guilt, 

 andreached his home, replacing 

 the collar, and lying down on 

 the straw, reposing as if no- 

 thing had happened. 



A still higher development of 

 this faculty appears to exist in 

 the oran and chimpanze. A 

 young one of each of these 

 species (Fig. 115) attached 

 Fig. 115. Chimpanz<f. it>elf to the keeper, and as- 



sumed on a variety of occa- 

 sions all the habits of a child. It reached by means of a chair 

 the lock which secured it in its cage ; on this being removed 



