OF THE INTELLIGENCE AND OF INSTINCT. 



175 



Fig. 116. 



A horizontal line (c d, Fig. 116) is represented as passing 

 by the auditory canal and floor of the nasal fossae ; a second 

 line, b a, is let fall on the first 

 so as to intersect it ; the angle 

 formed at the point where these 

 lines intersect each other will be 

 found to measure, by its approach 

 to a right or an obtuse angle, 

 the development of the cranium 

 anteriorly, as compared with the 

 size and protrusion of the face. 

 The angle is called the facial 

 angle of Camper. 



In the antique busts, and in 

 some living heads, this angle amounts to a right angle ; 

 but in most European crania, it does not exceed 80 (Fig. 116); 

 in negroes, about 70 (Fig. 

 117) ; in various kinds of apes, 

 from 65 to 30 (Fig. 118); in 

 the lower mammals it becomes 

 still more acute, as may be 

 seen by referring to Fig. 119 ; 

 finally, in birds, reptiles, and 

 fishes, it becomes still more 

 acute than in mammals, 



This coincidence between the b -^ n _ 



inclination of the facial angle 



and the intellectual faculties, did not escape the ancient 

 sculptors ; and they even exaggerated the angle in some 

 of their busts. 



~d 



Fig. 118. Cranium of the 

 Macaque. 



Fig. 119. Cranium of the Wild 

 Boar. 



But it is not safe, in a scientific point of view, to attach 

 much importance to sucli measurements, for the presence of 



