252 ZOOLOGY. 



tinguishing their various crania, although popular writers are 

 fond of denying this fact : they ;tre misled by the applications 

 which naturally exist amongst the races of man as amongst 

 all other animals; these affiliations show that the races of 

 man now on the globe form one family." R. K. 



413. The order of the quadrumana is composed of those 

 animals which have the great toe so constructed as to perform 

 the functions of a thumb, and which use the four limbs as 

 well for prehension as for locomotion. Like the bimana, they 

 are frugivorous, and their teeth are similar to ours. In this 

 group are arranged the apes (Figs. 93, 11,5), the oustiti 

 (Fig. 5), and the makis (Fig. 192). 



The apes are animals of small or moderate stature, the 

 muzzle moderately prominent, the neck short, the body 





Fig. 191. Ethiopian Race. 



slender, and the extremities thin and long. They are covered 

 with long and silky hair, closely set ; nevertheless, their re- 

 semblance to man is sometimes extreme, and there are some 

 which, when young, have the facial line not more oblique 

 than in the negro ; but with age, in some the face pro- 

 jects, becoming a muzzle, resembling that of the dog (Fig. 

 193). The gestures and tricks of these animals have often a 

 strong resemblance to our own. With the aid of a stick 

 some hold themselves upright, and even .walk as we do, but 

 never steady nor assured in their step, so that in the vertical 

 position they always seem constrained and ill at ease. On 



