CONTENTS. xix 



Nature of changes undergone by food in process of 



digestion . . . 235 



Litter 



Its uses 236 



Straw as litter, and its qualifications . . . .237 



Composition of different kinds of straw .... 238 



Loam as litter 239 



Peat as litter 240 



Comparison of properties of peat-moss and straw . . 241 

 The bracken-fern as litter . . . . . .241 



Dried leaves as litter . . . . . . . 242 



Manures produced by the different animals 

 Horse-manure 



Amount produced ........ 243 



Its nature and composition ...... 243 



Amount of straw used for litter ..... 244 



Sources of loss on keeping 245 



How to prevent loss ....... 245 



Use of " fixers," and the nature of their action . . 245 

 Coiv-manure 



Amount produced ........ 248 



Its nature and composition ...... 248 



Amount of straw used as litter ..... 248 



Sources of loss on keeping ...... 249 



Advantages of short dung ...... 249 



Pig-manure 



Amount produced ....... 250 



Its nature and composition ...... 250 



Amount of straw used as litter . . . . .251 



Sheep-manure 



Amount produced ....... 251 



Nature and composition ...... 251 



Amount of straw used as litter ..... 252 



Methods of calculating amount of manure produced on the 



farm 252, note 



Fermentation of farmyard manure 



Action of micro-organic life in producing fermentation . 255 

 Two classes of bacteria active in this work, aerobics and 



anaerobies ......... 255 



Conditions influencing fermentation 



Temperature 256 



Openness to the air . . . . .256 



