HORSE HANUilE AND FARM-YARD MANURE. 51 



Stockard gives the amount of urine voided by a horse in a year 

 ai 3,000 Ibs. ; a cow, 8,000 Ibs. ; sheep, 380 Ibs. ; pig, 1,200 Ibs. 



Dr. Vo3lcker, at the Royal Agricultural College, at Cirencester, 

 England, made some valuable investigations in regard to the com- 

 position of farm-yard manure, and the changes which take place 

 during fermentation. 



The manure was composed of horse, cow, and pig-dung, mixed 

 with the straw used for bedding in the stalls, pig-pens, sheds, etc. 



On the 3d of November, 1854, a sample of what Dr. Vffilckei 

 calls " Fresh Long Dung," was taken from the " manure-pit " foi 

 analysis. It had Tain in the pit or heap about 14 days. 



The following is the result of the analysis : 



FRESH FARM-YARD MANURE. 



HALF A TON, OR 1,000 LBS. 



Water 661.7 Ibs. 



Organic matter 2s2.4 " 



Ash 55.9 " 



1,000.0 Ibs. 

 Nitrogen 6.43 



" Before you go any farther," said the Deacon, " let me under- 

 stand what these figures mean ? Do you mean that a ton of 

 manure contains only 12| Ibs. of nitrogen, and 111 Ibs. of ash, and 

 that all the rest is carbonaceous matter and water, of little or no 

 value " ? " That is it precisely, Deacon," said I, " and further- 

 more, a large part of the ash has very little fertilizing value, as 

 will be seen from the following : 



DETAILED COMPOSITION OP THE ASH OF FRESH BARN-YARD MANURE. 



Soluble silica 21.59 



Insoluble silicious matter (sand) 10.04 



Phosphate of Urns 5.35 



Oxide of iron, alumina, with phosphate 8.47 



Containing phosphoric acid 3.18 



Lime 21.31 



Magnesia , 2.76 



Potash 12.04 



Soda 1.30 



Chloride of sodium 0.54 



Sulphuric acid 1.49 



Carbonic acid and loss 15.11 



100.00 



Nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash, are the most valuable in- 

 gredients in manure. It will be seen that a ton of fresh barn-yard 

 manure, of probably good average quality, contains: 



Nitrogen 1?* Ibs. 



Phosphoric acid 61 " 



Potash 13i " 



