DIFFERENT KINDS OF MANURE. 309 



but much poorer in nitrogen and potash than the urine from 

 horses, cows, sheep, and swine." 



" Some years ago," said the Deacon, " Mr. H. E. Hooker, of Roch- 

 ester, used to draw considerable quantities of urine from the city 

 to his farm. It would pay better to draw out the urine from farm 

 animals." 



t4 The figures given above," said I, " showing tho composition of 

 ijuman excrements, are from Prof. Wolff, and probably are gener- 

 ally correct. But, of course, the composition of the excrements 

 would vary greatly, according to the food." 



It has been ascertained by Lawes and Gilbert that the amount of 

 matter voided by an adult male in the course of a year is faeces, 

 95 Ibs.; urine, 1,049 Ibs.; total liquid and solid excrements in the 

 pure state, 1,144 Ibs. These contain : 



Dry substance faeces, 231 Ibs.; urine, 84 ; total, 58 $ Ibs. 

 Mineral matter faeces, 2 Ibs.; urine, 12 ; total, 14i Ibs. 

 Carbon fasces, 10 Ibs.; urine, 12 ; total 22 Ibs 

 Nitrogen faces, 1.2 Ibs.; urine, 10.8; total, 12 Ibs. 

 Phosphoric acid fseces, 0.7 Ibs.; urine, 1.93 ; total, 2.G3 Ibs. 

 Potash f*ces, 0.24 Ibs.; urine, 2.01; total, 2.25 Jbs. 



The amount of potash is given by Prof. E. WoliF, not by Lawes 

 and Gilbert. 



The mixed solid and liquid excrements, in the condition they 

 leave the body, contain about 95 per cent of water. It would re- 

 quire, therefore, 20 tons of fresh mixed excrements, to make one 

 ton of dry nightsoil, or the entire amount voided by a mixed family 

 of 43 persons in a year. 



One hundred Ibs. ol fresh faeces contain 75 Ibs. of water, and 25 

 Ibs. of dry substance. 



One hundred Ibs. of fresh urine contain 96 Ibs. of water, and 

 3| Ibs. of dry substance. 



One hundred- Ibs. of the dry substance of the faeces contain 5 Ibs. 

 of nitrogen, and 5J Ibs. of phosphates. 



One hundred Ibs. of the dry substance of the urine contain 27 

 '\?. of nitrogen, and lOf Ibs. of phosphates. 



These figures are from Lawes and Gilbert, and may be taken as 

 representing the composition of excrements from moderately well- 

 fed persons. 



According to Wolff, a ton of fresh human urine contains 12 Ibs. 

 of nitrogen. According to Lawes and Gilbert, 18 Ibs. 



The liquid carted from the city by Mr. Hooker was from well-fed 

 aduH males, and would doubtless be fully equal to the figures given 

 by Lawes and Gilbert. If we call the nitrogen worth 20 cents a lb., 



