MODERN SHEEP: BREEDS AND MANAGEMENT. l6l 



land. 'Tup-lamb,' 'ram-lamb/ 'pur-lamb' and 'heeler' are different 

 names given to uncastrated males from birth to weaning. From 

 weaning to first shearing; that is after weaning and before the 

 first clipping the different designations for uncastrated sheep 

 include 'hogg/ 'hogget;' 'haggeral/ 'tup-teg/ 'lamb-hogg 5 and 

 'tup-hogg' ; for castrated males, 'weter-hogg' and 'he-teg' ; and for 

 females, 'gimmer-hogg/ 'ewe-hogg/ 'sheeder-ewe' and 'ewe-teg/ 

 In Scotland the 'tup-lamb' becomes a 'tup-hogg* and in England 

 similar sheep, after they were eight months old, are 'wether' and 

 'ewe-tegs,' according to sex. From first to second shearing we 

 have for uncastrated males such names as 'shearing/ 'shearling,' 

 'shear-hogg,' 'dinmont/ 'diamond ram,' 'ram-tup' and 'one-shear- 

 tup;' emasculated males, 'shearing wether,' 'shear-hogg, 'wether- 

 hogg,' 'wedder-hogg" and 'two-toothed wether;' for males, 'shear- 

 ling ewe/ 'gimmer/ 'theave/ 'double-toothed ewe' and 'double- 

 toothed gimmer' In Scotland, the 'tup-hogg' becomes a 'shearling- 

 tup' the 'wether-hogg' a 'dinmont' and the 'ewe-hogg' a 'gim- 

 mer.' The animal corresponding to the Scottish 'gimmer' is called 

 in England a 'theave' until she bears her first lamb, after which 

 she is a 'four-toothed ewe/ the year after, a 'six-toothed ewe' and 

 after that a 'full-mouth ewe.' 



"In Scotland the shearing brings about another change of 

 names and the 'gimmer/ if she is in lamb, is called a 'ewe/ if 

 barren, a 'barren-gimmer / and an 'eild-gimmer' if she is not put 

 to 'tup' or 'ram.' A 'shearling-tup' is changed to a 'two-shear 

 tup/ and a dinmont' becomes a 'wether.' When three times shorn, 

 a 'ewe' is called a 'twinter-ewe/ a 'tup/ a 'three-shear tup' and 

 'wethers' are 'wethers' still, but are commonly referred to the num- 

 ber of their 'broad' or permanent incisors or the number of their 

 shearings. After the fourth shearing a 'ewe' is an 'aged ewe' or 

 a 'three-winter ewe/ and the 'tup' or 'ram' is known as an 'aged 

 tup.' 



"A 'ewe' taken from the breeding flock is called a 'draft- 

 ewe.' 'Cast ewes' are aged ewes drafted and sold from the breed- 

 ing flock. 'Culls/ 'shotts/ 'tails' or 'sheddings' are inferior, dis- 

 eased or imperfect ewes, drawn from the breeding flock. A 'crone' 

 is an old, broken-mouthed ewe, and a 'broken-mouthed' sheep is 

 one in which the teeth are beginning to drop out. A 'crock' or 

 'milled-ewe' is one that has been crossed with a ram of another 

 breed ; a 'guessed ewe' is one not seasonably in lamb, and a 'kebbet- 

 ewe' is one whose lamb has been still-born. A 'cade/ 'tiddlin' or 

 'hob' lamb is one brought up by hand, and 'pullies' are deformed 

 lambs. A 'rig' is an imperfectly emasculated male. A 'ripe' sheep 

 is one fit for the butcher. 'Hoggets wool' is wool of the first shear- 

 ing. 'Maiden ewe' and 'yield-gimmer' are respectively English and 

 Scotch terms for females fattened without ever having been put to 



