57. Pannnlaria Nyl. Thallus squamulose or granulose : apo- 

 thecia biatorine or lecideine, with simple or 1-3-septate spores ; 

 spermogones with jointed sterigmata and cylindrical straight sper- 

 matia. 



58. Coccocarpia Pers. Thallus typically monophyllous : apo- 

 thecia biatorine, adnate, with simple spores ; spermogones as in 

 the preceding. 



59. Leproloma Nyl. Thallus submonophyllo-lobed ; cortical 

 layer absent ; gonidial layer consisting of gonimia : apothecia and 

 spermogones unknown. 



Subtribe II. LECANOREI Nyl. Thallus normally crastaceous ; 

 gonidial layer consisting of true gonidia. 



60. Lecanora Ach. Thallus squamulose, or radiate, or granulose, 

 rarely leprose or evanescent : apothecia lecanorine, occasionally 

 biatoroid, with simple, rarely septate spores; spermogones with 

 simple or jointed sterigmata, and variously cylindrical, straight, or 

 arcuate spermatia. 



61. Dirina Fr. Thallus crustaceous, continuous or rimulose : 

 apothecia tuberculoso-lecanorine, with 3-septate spores; spermo- 

 gones with simple sterigmata and acicular, arcuate spermatia. 



Subtribe III. PERTUSARIEI. Nyl. Thallus crustaceous, con- 

 tinuous ; gonidial layer consisting of true gonidia : apothecia more 

 or less enclosed in thalline verrucas. 



62. Pertusaria DC. Thallus vermeoso-unequal or smoothish : 

 apothecia endocarpoid or lecanoroid, with large simple spores ; 

 spermogones with simple sterigmata and acicular, straight sper- 

 matia. 



63. Varicellaria Nyl. Thallus thin or subleprarioid : apothecia 

 subglobose, at length depressed, variolarioid, with very large 

 1 -septate spores : spermogones not yet seen. 



Subtribe IV. THELOTREMEI Nyl. Thallus crustaceous, con- 

 tinuous or areolate or pulverulent ; gonidial layer consisting of 

 true gonidia : apothecia urceolato-impressed, with double margin. 



64. Phlyctis Wallr. Thallus thinly crustaceous or pulverulent : 

 apothecia erumpent, rotundato-difform, with large murali-divided 

 spores ; spermogones with simple sterigmata and short, slender, 

 straight spermatia. 



65. Thelotrema Ach. Thallus thinly crustaceous, continuous: 

 apothecia at length open, with a proper and a thalline margin, and 

 murali-divided spores ; spermogones with simple sterigmata and 

 short straight spermatia. 



