ETTOPSIS.] PYRENOPSEI. 23 



Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 15. Collema hamalewm, Somm. Suppl. Fl. Lapp. 

 (1826) p. 117. 



The thallus occasionally occurs in small patches intermixed with other 

 crustaceous lichens, but generally by itself, and spreading to a moderate 

 extent over the substratum. Sometimes a sterile and less developed, 

 though very similar, plant occurs which probably belongs to this species. 

 The apothecia are usually numerous and crowded, becoming when old 

 convex and darker in colour. 



Hub. On mica-schist rocks in subalpine and alpine tracts. 

 Distr. Local and scarce among the S.W. Grampians, Scotland and 

 in N.W. Ireland. B. M. : Ben Cruachan, Argyleshire ; Ben Lawers, 

 Perthshire. Connemara, co. Galway. 



2. E. granatina Nyl. Flora, 1875, p. 363. Thallus effuse, thin, 

 granulose, rimoso-diffract, reddish-brown or rubricoso-reddish, the 

 granules somewhat plane, opaque, ruguloso-nodulose, contiguous, 

 rotundato-difform. Apothecia small, shining, several in each thalline 

 granule, subconcolorous, whitish within, the margin thin, entire ; 

 spores simple or spuriously 1-septate, 0,009-12 mm. long, 0,0045- 

 55 mm. thick ; hymenial gelatine, especially the thecee, bluish with 

 iodine. Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 10. Pyrenopsis granatina Nyl , 

 ex Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 2 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 14, ed. 3, p. 15. 

 Lecanora granatina Somm. Suppl. Fl. Lapp. (1826) p. 90. 



Distinguished from the preceding by the paler colour of the thallus, the 

 nodulose and irregularly rotundate granules, and the apothecia. In manner 

 of growth it is similar to Pyrenopsis kcematopis, and is little conspicuous 

 except in wet weather. The apothecia become at length nearly biatorine, 

 with excluded margin. 



Hob. On granitic rocks and schistose boulders in alpine localities. 

 Uistr. Very local and rare among the mountains of N. Wales and the 

 S. and W. Grampians, Scotland. B. M. : Llyn Aran, near Dolgelly, 

 Merionethshire. Ben Cruachan, Argyleshire ; 'Craig Calliach and Ben 

 Lawers, Perthshire. 



4. PYRENOPSIS Nyl. Mem. Soc. Cherb. iii. (1855) p. 164; 

 Syn. i. p. 97 (cfr. Stiz. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1876, p. 193). Thallus 

 thinly crustaceous, granulose or subsquamulose, rarely subfruticulose; 

 gonimia simple or several in nodulose syngonimia. Apothecia sub- 

 lecanoroid or pseudo-pyrenocarpous, small or minute, paraphyses 

 simple, slender ; spores 8nae, very . rarely numerous ; hymenial 

 gelatine bluish or wine-red with iodine. Spermogones with oblong 

 minute spermatia. 



As re-arranged by Nylander, this is a very natural and well-defined 

 genus, in consequence of Euopsis having been raised into a separate genus 

 and Collemopsis relegated to the Collemacei. It is at once distinguished 

 from Etiopsis by having the disc of the apothecia subclosed, and bv the 

 paraphyses not being articulate. More recently it has been divided by 

 Nyland"er into two subgenera, viz. Eupyrenopsis Nyl. and Cladopsis Nyl., 

 of which only the former occurs in this country. 



1. P. haematopis Fr. fil. N. Ac. Reg. Soc. Sc. Upsal. ser. 3, iii. 

 (1861) p. 284. Thallus effuse, crustose, opaque, verrucoso-unequal, 



