t. 345. Lichen vespertilio Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 840. Lichenoides 

 gelatinosum membranceum tenue nigricans Dill. Muse. p. 138, t. 19. 

 f. 20. Jjichenoides saxatile membranaceum gelatinosum tenue, nigres- 

 cens Dill, in Ray, Syn. ed. 3, 72. 53. Brit. Exs. : Leight. n. i09 ; 

 Cromb. n. 104. 



This is readily recognized by the nearly monophyllous, rugose, thinnish 

 thallus, lacunose beneath, and by the small crowded apothecia. The 

 thallus, which is orbicular and appressed at the circumference, is not 

 inaptly likened by Dillenius to a " bat's wing," whence the specific name 

 of Lightf oot; when growing more luxuriantly it sends forth smaller 

 lobes. Sometimes in old age it is nearly obliterated, only the smaller 

 lobes with the apothecia being apparent, when it might be mistaken for 

 the next species. The apothecia are chiefly central, and in otherwise 

 barren specimens the spermogones are usually abundant. 



Hal. On the trunks of old trees, chiefly poplars and willows, in mari- 

 time and upland wooded districts. Distr. General and not uncommon 

 in the Channel Islands, Great Britain, and Ireland, but chiefly in the 

 Western tracts. B. M. : Noirmont, Rozel, and St. Ouen's Bay, Island 

 of Jersey ; Island of Guernsey. Near Ryde, Carisbrook Castle, and 

 Shanklin, Isle of Wight ; Fairlight Glen, Hastings, Henfield, Hurstpier- 

 point, and Beeding, Sussex; Torquay, Paignton, Sidmouth, Totnes, 

 Bolt Head, and Cornworthy, Devonshire ; Boconnoc, near Penzance, 

 and the Lizard, Cornwall ; Kemble, near Cirencester, Gloucestershire ; 

 Barrow Hill, Malvern, and Broadwas, Worcestershire; Aberdovey, 

 Merionethshire ; near Guisboro', Cleveland, Yorkshire. New Galloway, 

 Kirkcudbrightshire ; Barcaldine, Argyleshire ; near Callander, Loch Tay, 

 and in Glen Lochay, Perthshire; Glen Dole, Forfarshire; Gairloch and 

 Applecross, Ross-shire. Castlemartyr, co. Cork ; Powerscourt, co. Wick- 

 low; Killamey and Muckross, co. Kerry. 



22. C. aggregatum Nyl. Mem. Soc. Sc. Nat. Cherb. ii. (1854) 

 p. 318 ; Syn. i. p. 115, t. ii. f. 9. Thallus small, lobate and plicate, 

 somewhat rigid, difform, greenish-black or olive-brown (I + red); 

 lobes rather short, sometimes crenate, and often granuloso-crispate 

 at the margins. Apothecia moderate, crowded, plane or slightly 

 convex, red or dark-red, the thalline margin thin, entire ; spores 

 rarely 6nae, fusiformi-cylindrical, straight or curved, pluri-septate, 

 0,033-65 mm. long, 0,004-5 mm. thick. Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 6 ; 

 Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 26, ed. 3, p. 25. Synechoblastus aggregates 

 Mudd, Man. p. 43. Enchylium fasciculare /3. aggregatum Gray, Nat. 

 Arr. i. p. 398. Cottema fasciculare var. aggregatum Ach. Lich. Univ. 

 (1810) p. 648. Lichenoides gelatinosum palmatum, tuberculis con- 

 glomeratis Dill. Muse. 141, t. 19. f. 27 B. Brit. Exs.: Cromb. 

 ii. 105. 



From the closely allied C. niyrescens this is distinguished by the thallus 

 being much smaller, more rigid, and not radiately rugose, and by the 

 shorter, not rounded nor appressed lobes. It is* occasionally leaden- 

 coloured when dry, and often but little developed. The apothecia in 

 fertile specimens are usually numerous and crowded. 



Hob. Among mosses on the trunks of old trees in wooded upland 

 tracts. Distr. Found only in S., W., and N. England, N. Wales, the 

 W. Highlands of Scotland, and S.W. Ireland. B. M. : High Rocks, 



