94 LICTIENACEI. [CALICIUM. 



differs chiefly in having the capitulum slightly pruiuose only at the mar- 

 gin, and the spore-mass very much protruded, giving the apothecia " a 

 miniature resemblance to a painter's brush" (Turn. & Borr. /. c.). The 

 apothecia are very numerous and crowded, varying considerably in size 

 even in the same specimen. The spermogones are frequent, somewhat 

 prominent, black, and often congregate. 



Hub. On old pales and the decayed trunks of trees, chiefly oaks, in 

 wooded upland districts. Distr. General, and plentiful where it occurs, 

 in most parts of Great Britain, but local and scarce in the Channel 

 Islands and Ireland. B. M. : Island of Guernsey. Bury, Suffolk ; Wal- 

 thamstow and Epping Forest, Essex ; Balcombe and Shiere, Surrey ; 

 near Hythe, Kent ; Bolney, Sussex ; Lyndhurst, New Forest, Hants ; 

 Braydon Forest, Wilts ; Tetsworth, Oxfordshire ; Gopsall Park and Brad- 

 gate Park, Leicestershire ; Hay Park, Herefordshire ; Hattield, near 

 Worcester ; Oswestry and Stiperstones, Shropshire ; Aberdovey, Merio- 

 nethshire ; near Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Teesdale, Durham. 

 Barcaldine and Glen Falloch, Argyleshire ; Killin, Craig Calliach, and 

 Blair Athole, Perthshire ; Countesswell's Wood, naar Aberdeen. Castle- 

 martyr, co. Cork. 



12. C. trachelinum Ach. Vet. Ak. Handl. 1816, p. 272, t. 8. f. 7. 

 Thallus very thin, granulose, greyish-white, or often obsolete. 

 Apothecia moderate, or somewhat large, scattered or crowded ; stipes 

 short and stout, or elongate and slender, black ; capitulum turbinuto- 

 globoso, reddish beneath; spores slightly constricted in the middle, 

 1-septate, 0,008-13 mm. long, 0,004-7 mm. thick. Mudd, Man. 

 p. 258 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 12 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 43, ed. 3, 

 p. 42. Calicium clauicularey. trachelinum Ach. Meth. (1803) p. 91. 

 Calicium spTicerocepTialum Turn. &, Borr. Lich. Br. p. 152; Hook. 

 Fl. Scot. ii. p. 41 ; Sm. Engl. Fl. v. p. 141 ; Tayl. in Mack. Fl. 

 Hib. ii. p. 77. Phacotium sphcerocephalum Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 483. 

 Lichen sphcerocephalus Eng. Bot. t. 414. Coralloides funyiforme 

 arboreum nigrum vix crustosum Dill. Muse. 78, t. 14. f. 3 A. Brit. 

 Exs. : Leight. n. 270 ; Mudd, n. 246; Cromb. n. 112 pro parte. 



Readily recognized by the colour of the underside of the capitulum. 

 Occasionally, as in other species, it is more or less suffused with a 

 yellowish lepraria, which remains when the proper thallus has disappeared. 

 The apothecia are usually very numerous, and the stipes when elongate 

 is sometimes flexuose. The spermogones are generally present and 

 abundant. 



Hab. On the trunks of old trees, occasionally on pales, in maritime 

 and upland districts. Distr. Not very general nor common, throughout 

 England, rare in N. Wales, S. and Central Scotland, and in S.W. Ireland. 

 B. M. : Earsham, Norfolk ; Lea Bridge Road, Essex ; Henfield, Sussex ; 

 New Forest, Hants; Chedworth Woods, Gloucestershire; near Wor- 

 cester ; Pophills, Warwickshire ; Pen-y-law, near Oswestry, Salop ; Bar- 

 mouth, Merionethshire ; Kildale, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Eglestone, 

 Durham ; Leyen's Park, Westmoreland. Ben Lawers and Den of Dup- 

 plin, Perthshire ; Mar Lodge, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. Castle Bernard 

 Park, co. Bandon. 



Form hemiphaeum Nyl. ex Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 14. Apo- 

 thecia with the stipes reddish above, or sometimes entirely reddish. 

 Yar. Jiemiplodum (errore) Nyl., Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, p. 43. 



