102 LICHENACEI. [iRACHYLIA. 



the apothecia in this species. In damp shady places it is greener but 

 barren, so that it may be taken for a brightly coloured state of some sub- 

 concolorous lichen. Scattered amongst the ordinary granules are larger 

 and more prominent ones bearing the apothecia, which in our speci- 

 mens are few and small. The spermogones are frequent, punctiform, 

 minute, blackish, the sterigmata very short, the sperrnatia 0,005-7 mm. 

 long, 0,0025-35 mm. thick. 



Hob. On old pales, generally about gardens, very rarely on trees, in 

 lowland and upland districts. Distr. Very local, at least in a well- 

 developed state, haying been gathered only sparingly in the Eastern 

 counties of England, and now extinct in several of the recorded localities. 

 B. M. : Near Yarmouth, Suffolk ; Walthamstow, Loughton, and Col- 

 chester, Essex ; Herringfleet, Suffolk. 



2. T. tympanella Fr. Sum. Veg. (1846) p. 282. Thallus effuse, 

 granulose or granuloso-concrcscent, moderate or thinnish, grey or 

 greyish- white (K-f ). Apothecia moderate or large, elevato-sessile, 

 plane, black, slightly grey-pruinose or naked, the margin promi- 

 nent, black, often white-pruiuose, at length evanescent ; spores 

 1-septate, 0,010-18 mm. long, 0,007-12 mm. thick. Cromb. Lich. 

 Brit. p. 14 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 48, ed. 3, p. 47. Acolium tym- 

 panellum Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 482; Mudd, Man. p. 254, t. iv. 

 f. 101. Calirium tympandlum Ach. Meth. (1803) p. 89 ; Turn. & 

 Borr. Lich. Br. p. 134 : Stn. Eng. Fl. v. p. 139. Lichen inquinans 

 Eng. Bot. t. 810. Brit. Exs.: Leight. n. 88; Mudd, n. 240; 

 Cromb. n. 114. 



With its sessile apothecia this might readily be taken for some Le.cidea 

 (such as L. premnea). The thallus, which is thickish with the granules 

 confluent, or very thin (nearly evanescent), spreads extensively over the 

 substratum, but occasionally, when surrounded by other lichens, it is 

 small. The apothecia are very numerous, at first somewhat protuberant, 

 but at length plane, large the largest in the tribe. When touched the 

 mazsedium, which is sometimes considerably protruded, stains the fingers 

 with an inky colour. 



Hob. On old posts and pales, rarely on the bark of trees in upland 

 districts. Distr. General, and usually plentiful, in various parts of 

 England, and rare in E. Ireland. B. M. : Earsham, Norfolk ; Yarmouth 

 and Ickworth, Suffolk ; Walthamstow and Colchester, Essex ; Totteridge, 

 Middlesex ; Elstree, Herts ; Penshurst and Lydd, Kent ; Albourne, 

 Sussex ; New Forest, Hants ; near Wootton Basset, Gloucestershire ; 

 near Malvern, Worcestershire ; Gopsall Park, Leicestershire ; Harboro' 

 Magna, Warwickshire ; Derbyshire ; Oswestry, Ilaughmond Hill, and 

 near Shrewsbury, Shropshire; Eosedale, Yorkshire. Curraghmore, co. 

 Waterford. 



3. T. stigonella Fr. Sum. Veg. (1846) p. 282. Thallus none 

 proper. Apothecia parasitic, small or moderate, scarcely prominent, 

 plane, black, naked, the margin prominent, concolorous, or some- 

 times pruinose, at length evanescent ; spores 1-septate, obtusely 

 rounded at either apex, 0,009-17 mm. long, 0,007-10 mm. thick. 

 Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 15 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 49, ed. 3, p. 47. 



