114 



LICttENACEI. 



[PILOPHORUS. 



authors among the Stereocaulei or the Cladoniei. On account of the 

 peculiar texture of the apothecia Nylander has established for it a sepa- 

 rate tribe, distinguished by the character of the paraphyses. 



28. PILOPHORUS 

 Fr. fil. Comm. Ster. 

 (1857) p. 40; Tuck. 

 Syn. Lich. New Eug. 

 (1848) p. 46 (ut sec- 

 tio Stereocan li) . Pilo- 

 phoron Nyl. Syn. i. 

 p. 228. Thallus at 

 the base (when pre- 

 sent) granulose or 

 somewhat pulveru- 

 lent, bearing cephalo- 

 dia ; podetia rigid, cy- 

 lindrical, simple or 

 sparingly branched, 

 usually fistulose, in- 

 ternally filamentoso- 

 arachnoid, externally 

 covered with a granu- 

 lose cortex ; gonidia 

 moderate, greenish- 

 yellow. Apothesia 

 capituliform or often 

 subglobose, solid with- 

 in, corneous ; para- 



physes thickish or p ilopju)rus cereolm N yl.-. Vertical section of an 

 moderate, blackish at apothecium, x30. b. Vertical section of a spermo- 

 the apices, forming a gone, X30. c. Sterigivata and spermatia, X500. 

 thick subhymenial PUophorus ttrumaticus Nyl.- d. Vertical section 



layer , s,res in #&?&** xSba""- ""' em 



clavate thecse, which 



have the wall thickened at the apices, ellipsoid or oblongo-ellip- 

 soid ; hymenial gelatine scarcely (except at the apices of the theca)) 

 tinged bluish with iodine. Spermogones affixed to the apices of the 

 podetia, black; spermatia bacillar, straight or slightly curved. 



This genus is well characterized by the paraphyses being prolonged into 

 the hypothecium, and forming a subhymenial stratum nearly thrice as thick 

 as the hymenium. The rest of the" hypothecium is formed of confused 

 obliterated cells. The cephalodia, which are adnate and in the form of 

 testaceous tubercule?, are internally densely and minutely cellular, with 

 ' the gonimia bluish-green, shoitly'ellipsoid or subglobose", glomerulosely 

 arranged or moniliformly joined" (Nyl. /. c.). 



1. P. cereolus Nyl. ex Stiz. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. (1875) p. 198 ; 

 Fr. fil. Lich. Scand. (1871) p. 55 pro partc. Thallus effuse at the 

 base, forming a verrucoso-gi anulosc or pulvei e.sccnt crust, greyish- 



