128 LICHENACEI. [CIADONIA. 



lacini*. States, however, occur, as if intermediate between them, in 

 which these characters are not so evident. With us it is rare in a fertile 

 condition. The podetia are occasionally wanting, and then the apothecia 

 and the spermogones are sessile on the latinise. 



Hab. In dry sandy places amongst mosses and heaths in maritime and 

 upland districts. Distr. Here and there throughout Great Britain, chiefly 

 in S. England and the Channel Islands ; rare in S.W. Ireland. B. M. : 

 Qtienvais, Island of Jersey ; Island of Sark ; Jerbourg, Icart Point, and 

 L'Ancresse Bay, Island of Guernsey. Hunstanton, Norfolk ; Aldgrave, 

 Suffolk ; Epping Forest, Essex ; the Downs, near Brighton, Sussex; Isle 

 of Wight; near Torquay, S. Devon; Withiel and the Stilly Islands, 

 Cornwall ; Malvern Hills, Worcestershire ; Chamwood Forest, Leicester- 

 shire ; Haughmond Hill, Shropshire ; Barmouth and Anglesea, N. Wales ; 

 near Great Aytou, Cleveland, Yorkshire. Pentland Hills, Edinburgh ; 

 Island of Lisinore ; Bay of Nigg, Kincardiueshire ; the Links, Old Aber- 

 deen. Glengarift', co. Cork. 



3. C. firma Nyl. Bull. Soc. Bot. FT. viii. (1861) p. 755. Thallus 

 laciniato-squamose at the base ; laciniae constipate, suberect, very 

 minutely subareolato-insculpt, firm, crenate, naked, or at times 

 fibrillose at the margins, and crenato-incised, yellowish or glaucous- 

 greenish above, beneath pale yellowish or whitish or obsoietely 

 rose-coloured and white-suffused ; podetia small, narrowly scyphi- 

 ferous (K , K(CaCl) + yellow, often femigineous). Apothecia more 

 or less confluent, brown. Cromb. Grevillea, xi. p. 111. Cladonia 

 alcicornis var. firma Nyl. Syn. i. (1860) p. 191. Brit. Exs. : Larb. 

 Caesar, n. 57; Cromb. n. 122. 



Though originally regarded by Nylander as a variety of C. alcicornis, 

 yet " it constitutes a proper species more certainly than many others in 

 this genus" (Bull. Soc. Bot. 1. c.). It differs from C. alcicornis in the 

 laciniae being constipate, thicker, simpler, and more ascending, firmer 

 when growing, but rather brittle when dry. The podetia and apothecia, 

 which are very like those of the preceding, are not uncommon. The 

 spermogones also are frequent, and are often sessile on the leaflets. 



Hab. On sandy soil and on the ground amongst rocks in maritime 

 districts. Distr. Very local and scarce in the Channel Islands and in 

 S. England. B. M. : Noirmont, W r arren, and Quenvais, Island of Jersey ; 

 Jerbourg, Island of Guernsey ; Chateau Point, Island of Sark. Lydd, 

 Kent ; Brighton Downs, Sussex ; Start Point, S. Devon. 



Form gracilescens Cromb. Thallus small ; Iaciuia3 very narrow, 

 much divided, more or less crenate at the apices ; podetia narrow 

 and narrowly scyphiferous. Apothecia not seen. Cladonia alci- 

 cornis f. yracilescens Cromb. Grevillea, xi. (1883) p. 111. 



A well-marked form, perhaps a variety, of this rather than of the pre- 

 ceding species, characterized by the smaller thallus and the much more 

 slender and divided Iacinia3. It closely approaches to var. yentilis Ach. of 

 C. alcicornis, but differs in the marginal fibrillae being not " long and 

 simple " but shortly fasciculate. In the only entire specimen seen the 

 podetia, which are but sparingly present, are substerile and only spermo- 

 goniiferous. 



Hab. On the ground among rocks in a maritime district. Distr. Very 

 t-paringly in S. Wales. B. M. : Lydstep, Pembrokeshire. 



