CLADOKIA.] CLADONIET. 129 



b. MicropTiyllina?. Thallus typically small, variously squamulose. 

 a'. StyphopkortBf Podetia normally scyphiferous. 



4. C. pyxidata Fr. Lich. Eur. (1831) p. 216. Thallus foliaceo- 

 squamulose at the base ; squamules small, firm, glaucous-green or 

 greyish, whitish beneath ; podetia short or somewhat elongate, con- 

 tinuously corticate or verrucose, scyphiferous ; scyphi large, cyathi- 

 form, often proliferous (K , CaCl ). Apothecia moderate, brown 

 or reddish-brown, sometimes symphicarpotis ; spores oblong, variable 

 in size, 0,008-14 mm. long, 0,003-0,0045 mm. thick. Mudd, Man. 

 p. 53 pro parte ; Brit. Clad. p. 7 pro parte ; Cromb. Enum. p. 18 

 pro parte; Grevillea, xi. p. Ill; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 60, ed. 3, 

 p. 56. Scyphophorus pyxidatus Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 238 ; Gray, 

 Nat. Arr. i. p. 456. Cenomyce pyxidata Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 62. 

 Lichen pyxidatus Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) p. 1151; Huds. Fl. Angl. 

 p. 456; Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 869 pro parte; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. 

 p. 36 ; Eng. Bot. t. 1393. Cladonia cocci/era Tayl. in Mack. Fl. 

 Hib. ii. p. 81 pro parte. Coralloides scyphiforme, tuberculin fuscis 

 Dill. Muse. 79, t. 14. f. 6 c, I-M. Liclicnoides tubulosum pyxidatum 

 cinereum Dill, in Ray, Syn. ed. 3, 68. 28 pro parte. Brit. Exs. : 

 Mudd, Clad. n. 6; Bohl. n. 32. 



This is with us, as elsewhere, a very variable species, giving rise to 

 many marked forms and varieties, besides others enumerated by authors 

 which are simply states and do not deserve distinctive names. Among 

 these latter are : simplex Roth., with " the scyphi larger and spermo- 

 goniiferous at the margin;" staphylca Ach., with " the apothecia pedi- 

 cellate on the margin of the scyphi ; " syntheta Ach., with " the margin 

 of the scyphi proliferous;" costata Florke, with "the podetia denudate 

 and longitudinally furrowed." Where the plant spreads extensively, one 

 or other of these'may be met with on the same specimen. In the type 

 the basal squamules occasionally become nearly obsolete, and the apo- 

 thecia are comparatively rare, 



Ilnb. On the ground, old walls, rocks, and about the roots of trees in 

 maritime, lowland, and upland districts. Distr. General and common 

 throughout Great Britain, and no doubt also in Ireland, though specimens 

 have not been seen ; rare in the Channel Islands. B. M. : Island of 

 Guernsey. Epping Forest, Essex ; Hampstead Heath, Middlesex ; New 

 Forest, Hants ; Dartmoor, Devonshire ; St. Breward and near Bodmin, 

 Cornwall ; Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire ; Buxton, Derbyshire ; 

 Aberdovey and Dolgelly, Merionethshire ; Ayton, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; 

 Alston and Bassenthwaite Lake, Cumberland. Appin, Argyleshire; 

 Killin and Blair Athole, Perthshire ; Den of Mains, Forfarshire ; 

 Dun-is, Kincardineshire ; Countesswells and Castleton of Braemar, Aber- 

 deenshire; south of Fort William, Inverness-shire ; Lairg, Sutherlandshire. 



Form 1. lophyra Coem. Clad. Belg. (1863) n. 29. Podetia short, 

 turbinate ; scyphi crisp, squamuloso-foliaceous at the margins. 



Apothecia large, sessile or pedicellate among the squamules. 



Mudd, Brit. Clad. p. 8; Cromb. Grevillea, xi. p. 111. Cenomyce 

 pyxidata 1. lophyra Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 535. 



The squamulose margins of the scyphi and the position of the apothecia 



