136 LICHEN ACEI. [CLADONIA. 



proliferous) scyphi. As these characters seem to be constant, it may be 

 regarded as constituting a distinct variety rather than a less developed 

 form. The apothecia, which are " marginal and minute " (Ach.), do not 

 occur in our British specimens. 



Hub. On the ground and tops of walls in upland districts. Distr. 

 Probably not unfrequent, though seen only from a few localities in S. and 

 N. England, N. Wales, S. and N.E. Scotland, and the S. Grampians. 

 B. M. : Lanivet, Cornwall ; Aberdovey, Merioneth ; Easby, Cleveland, 

 Yorkshire. New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire ; Killin, Perthshire ; 

 Countesswells, near Aberdeen. 



Form exigua Cromb. Grevillea, xi. (1883) p. 112. Podetia very 

 short, whitish- or greyish-pulverulent ; scyphi narrow, simple, brown 

 within, the margin entire. Lichen pyxidatus 17. exiguus Huds. Fl. 

 Angl. ed. 2 (1778), p. 552. Scyphopliora conista j3. exilis (Ach.), 

 Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 421. Lichen filiformis var. 2, With. Arr. 

 ed. 3, iv. p. 39. Coralloides scyphis humilibus, intus fuscis Dill. 

 Muse. 86, t. 14. f. 11. 



Probably only an accidental state, differing in the entire margin of the 

 scyphi and their bright-brown colour in the interior, though, as indicated 

 by Acharius (Lich. Univ. p. 535, cfr. Meth. p. 338), this may become 

 blackish in age. In the British specimens seen, which are sterile, the 

 podetia are numerous and crowded. 



Hub. On the ground upon upland heaths. Distr. Apparently veiy 

 local and scarce in E. England. B. M. : Epping Forest, Essex. 



Var. y. tubfflformis Fr. Lich. Eur. (1831) p. 22. Podetia some- 

 what elongate, cylindrical, pulverulent, white, scyphiferous ; scyphi 

 narrow, regular, entire or slightly crenulate at the margins. Cromb. 

 Lich. Brit. p. 19. Cladonia pyxidata var. fimbriata f. tubceformis 

 Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 62, ed. 3, p. 58. Cladonia pyxidata E. tubce- 

 formis Mudd, Man. p. 54, Brit. Clad. p. 10. Cladonia pyxidata 

 var. tubceformis Hoffm. Deutsch. Fl. ii. (1791) p. 122. Brit. Exs. : 

 Leight. n. 377 ; Mudd, n. 7. 



The cylindrical and usually more elongate podetia, with their narrower 

 scyphi, distinguish this variety, which is most frequently seen only in a 

 juvenile condition. In this country, as elsewhere, the apothecia are 

 apparently very rare, though the spermogones are occasionally visible. 



Hab. On the ground and rotten stumps in wooded upland tracts. 

 Distr. Not very general nor frequent, occurring only here and there in 

 England, N. Wales, and Scotland ; not seen from Ireland. Distr. Wal- 

 thamstow, Essex ; New Forest, Hants ; near Bovey Tracey, S. Devon ; 

 St. Breward, Cornwall ; Charlton Camp, Oxfordshire ; Shrewsbury, 

 Shropshire ; near Worcester ; Barmouth, Merionethshire ; Ayton, Cleve- 

 land, Yorkshire. Barcaldine, Argyleshire ; Craigforth, Stirling ; Glen 

 Lochay and Rannoch, Perthshire ; Countesswells, near Aberdeen. 



Form macra Cromb. Grevillea, xi.(1883) p. 112. Podetia short, 

 cylindrical, slender, whitish-pulverulent ; scyphi narrow, the margin 

 entire. Cladonia pyxidata (3. fimbriata F. macra Mudd, Man. 



