CLADONIA.] CLADONIE1. 141 



Form 3. aspera Flo'rke, Clad. (1828) p. 30. Podetia more or 

 less clothed with foliolose squamules ; squamules crenate or crenato- 

 incised at the margins. Cromb. Grevillea, xi. p, 112. Capitularia 

 gracilis var. aspera Florke in "Web. et Mohr, Beitr, ii. (1810) p. 333. 

 Brit. Exs. : Leight. n. 402. 



Differs in the more or less squamulose podetia, which are usually 

 ascyphous. The British specimens are in a stunted condition, with 

 podetia short (scarcely more than 1 in. high), subulate and sterile. 



Hab. On the ground in upland situations. Distr. Local and scarce in 

 Central and N. England. B. M. : Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire ; 

 Ingleby Park, Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Windermere, Westmoreland. 



Yar. ft. hybrida Schser. Spic. (1823) p. 32. Podetia more or less 

 elongate, robust, sparingly branched, usually scyphiferous ; scypbi 

 subdilated or proliferous at the margins. Apothecia moderate. 

 Mudd, Man. p. 55, Brit. Clad. p. 17 ; Cromb. Grevillea, xi. p. 112. 

 Cladonia hybrida Hoffm. Deutsch. Fl. ii. (1795) p. 119 pro parte. 

 Cladonia gracilis Cromb. Licb. Brit. p. 19. Coralloides scyphiforme 

 serraium elatius, caulibus gracilibus glabris Dill. Muse. 88. t. 14. 

 f. 13 A, B. 



A robust plant, with the podetia for the most part scyphiferous. As 

 noticed by Nylander (Syu. p. 196), it approaches vars. of pyxidata, of 

 which at first sight it looks to be a more extended form. In the few 

 British specimens the apothecia are sparingly present. 



Hab. On mossy rocks and among mosses on the ground in mountainous 

 districts. Distr. Local; the Grampians, Scotland, probably not uncom- 

 mon. B. M. : By Loch Tay, Killin, Perthshire ; Sidlaw Hills, Forfar- 

 s-hire ; Glen Callater, Braemar, Aberdeenshire. 



Subsp. C. gracillima Norrl. Hb. Lich. Fenn. ix. (1882) n.424. 

 Podetia elongate, very slender, crowded, subulate or scyphiferous, 

 much branched above ; branches divided, shortly subfurcate at the 

 apices; scyphi very narrow, denticulate at the margins (K , 

 CaCl ). Apothecia not seen. Cromb. Grevillea, xi. p. 112. 



Distinguished by the slender podetia being densely csespitose, much 

 and intricately branched, especially in the upper portion, and by their 

 apices being somewhat furcate, resembling C. furcata. Found only in a 

 substerile condition. 



Hab. On mossy boulders in upland fir woods. Distr. Very local and 

 scarce in N. England and N.E. Scotland. B. M. : The Cheviots, North- 

 umberland. Countesswells Wood, near Aberdeen. 



12. C. cornuta Fr. Licb. Eur. (1831) p. 225. Thallus sparingly 

 foliolose at the base ; leaflets lobato-crenate or none ; podetia elon- 

 gate, corticate and glabrous in the lower portion, pulverulent towards 

 the apices, subuliformi-cornute or a few sometimes narrowly scyphi- 

 ferous (K , CaCl ). Apothecia small, brown; spores as in the 

 preceding species. Cromb. Licb. Brit. p. 13 ; Grevillea, xi. p. 112. 



