CLADONIA.] Cf.ADONIEr. 153 



A very anomalous form, distinguished by the podetia being rougher 

 and here and there nodulose, as also by the form of their apices. In our 

 British specimens the apothecia are small aud but sparingly present. 



Hub. On the ground in upland localities. Distr. Very local and scarce 

 in S. and W. England. 13. M. : Near Shiere, Surrey ; Brighton Downs, 

 Sussex ; Bathampton Downs, Somersetshire. 



22. C. pungens Florke, Clad. (1828) p. 156. Thallus squa- 

 raulose, evanescent at the base ; podetia slender, erect or ascending, 

 inuch and divaricately branched, glabrous or subverruculose, greyish- 

 or sometimes brownish-white; branches attenuato-subulate and 

 divergcnti-furcate at the apices, which are often reddish-brown 

 (K + yellow, CaCl ). Apothecia small, brownish ; spores 0,010-13 

 mm. long, 0,0035-40 mm. thick. Gray, Nat. Arr. i. p. 415 ; Sm. 

 Eug. Fl. v. p. 235; Leight. in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, xviii. 

 p. 406, Lich. Fl. p. 56, ed. 3, p. 53 ; Cromb. Grevillea, xi. p. 113. 

 Cladonia furcata $. punyens Mudd, Man. p. 58, Brit. Clad. p. 23 ; 

 Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 20. Liclien pungens Ach. Prodr. ( 1 798) p. 202, 

 Eng. Bot. t. 2444. Lichen ranyiferinus /3. si/lvaticus Huds. Fl. 

 Angl. p. 458 ; Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 879. Lidien ranyiferinus 

 var. 2, With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 42. Coralluides fruticuli specie 

 candicans, corniculis rufiscentibus Dill. Muse. 110, t. 16. f. 30 A. 

 Liclif noides tubulosum ramosissimum, fruticuli specie candicans. cor- 

 niculis rufescentibus Dill, in Hay, Syn. ed. 3, p. 67, n. 15. Brit. 

 Res.: Leight. n. 16; Mudd, n. 16 pro parte, Clad. nos. 54, 55; 

 Cromb. n. 123. 



In general appearance this resembles smaller states of Cladina sylvatica, 

 with which it was frequently confounded by the older authors. Its 

 affinities, however, are entirely with C. furcata, though, apart from the 

 reaction, there are sufficient diversities in habit and the character of the 

 podetia to entitle it to rank as a distinct species. It forms densely con- 

 gested and intricate tufts, which sometimes spread extensively. The 

 podetia, which are often of a brownish colour, are rather fragile, small, 

 and attenuate at the subpungent apices. It is comparatively rare in fruit, 

 though in some situations the apothecia are abundant and more or less 

 conglomerate. 



Hab. On the ground among mosses and short grass in maritime and 

 upland situations. Distr. General and common in most parts of Eng- 

 land; apparently much rarer in Scotland, Ireland, and the Channel 

 Islands. B. M. : Island of Sark. Near Ilemsby, Norfolk ; Eppiug 

 Forest, Essex ; Esher, Surrey; Shoreham, Sussex; Lydd, Kent ; Isle of 

 Wight ; Dartmoor, Devonshire ; near Penzance and St. Merryn, Corn- 

 wall ; Bretch, Oxfordshire ; Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire ; Dovedale, 

 Derbyshire; Haughmond Hill, Shropshire ; Delamere Forest, Cheshire ; 

 Aberdovey, Merionethshire ; near Ayton and Clitirigg, Cleveland, York- 

 shire ; Wiodermere, Westmoreland ;" St. Bees, Cumberland. New Gal- 

 loway, Kirkcudbrightshire ; Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh ; Barcaldine, 

 Argyleshire; Countesswells Wood, near Aberdeen. Warrenscourt and 

 Macroon, co. Cork. 



Form 1. nivea Kocrb. Syst. Lich. (1855) p. 55. Podetia erect, 

 crowded, very white. Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 45. Bteomyces 

 punf/Liis p. niveus Ach. Meth. (1803) p. 354. 



