CLADONIA.] CLADONIEI. 161 



Hob. On rotten rails and stumps of trees in upland districts. Distr. 

 Somewhat scarce, occurring here and there throughout England, rare 

 in S. Scotland and in the S. and W. Highlands ; not yet seen from 

 Ireland. B. M. : Edgefield, Norfolk ; Chelsfield, Kent ; St. Leonard's 

 Forest, Sussex ; Lyndlmrst, New Forest, Hants ; Crown East Wood, 

 near Worcester ; Aymestry, Herefordshire ; Bagot's Park, Staffordshire ; 

 Llandrindod, Radnorshire ; Easby Wood and Kildale, Cleveland, York- 

 shire ; Wastdale, Cumberland. New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire ; 

 Barcaldine, Argyleshire ; Craig Calliach, Killin, Perthshire. 



B. ERYTHROCARP^E. Apothecia scarlet. 



31. C. coccifera Schser. Spic. (1823) p. 24. Thallus squamulose 

 or subfoliaceous at the base ; squamulcs somewhat firm, crenate or 

 incised, greyish-green ; podetia somewhat short, glabrous, unequally 

 granuloso-corticate, subsimple, scyphiferous, greenish- or whitish- 

 yellow; scyphi subregular, dilated (Kf'-(- yellow, K(CaCl) + yellow). 

 Apothecia sessile or pedicellate, often confluent; spores oblong or 

 oblongo-ellipsoid, 0,009-11 mm. long, 0,0035 mm. thick. Cromb. 

 Grevillea, xi. p. 114; Mudd, Man. p. 60, t. i. f. 11 pro parte ; Brit. 

 Clad. p. 28 pro parte. Scypliopliora coccifera Gray, Nat. Arr. i. 

 p. 423. Cenomyce coccifera Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 63 ; Tayl. in 

 Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 81 pro parte. Lichen cocciferus Linn. Sp. PI. 

 (1753) p. 1151 ; Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 866 ; With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. 

 p. 39 ; Eng. Bot. t. 2051. Cladonia cornucopioides Cromb. Lich. 

 Brit. p. 21 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 66, ed. 3, p. 62. Coralloides scy- 

 phi forme, tuberculis coccineis Dill. Muse. 82, t. 14. f. TA-F, G I. 

 Lichenoides tubulosum pyxidatum, tuberculis amcene coccineis Dill, in 

 Ray, Syn. ed. 3, p. 69, n. 35. Lichen cornucopioides Linn. Sp. PI. 

 p. 1151 (post cocciferum), according to the specimen in his own 

 Herb., is not referable to this plant. Brit. Exs. : Mudd, n. 23, Clad, 

 nos. 65, 66 ; Leight. n. 404 & 375 pro parte : Bohl. n. 40. 



In various respects this resembles C. pyxidata of the preceding section, 

 but is at once distinguished by the scarlet apothecia, which, however, in 

 old age (and also in herbaria) frequently become denigrate. When 

 sterile, the colour of the podetia, the less dilated margins of the scyphi, 

 and the chemical reactions prevent it from being confounded with pyxi- 

 data. It is a somewhat variable species with respect to the podetia, 

 which are either regular and simple (stemmatina Ach.), or proliferous 

 from the margins (extensa Ach.), occasionally becoming in old plants 

 costate. The basal squamules are sometimes small or rarely subeva- 

 nescent. When fertile the apothecia are occasionally expanded and 

 nearly cover the whole interior of the scyphi. 



Hob. On sterile soil and turf- walls, chiefly upon moorlands from mari- 

 time to subalpine tracts. Distr. General and not uncommon in most 

 farts of Great Britain and Ireland ; rare in the Channel Islands. B. M. : 

 .e Goufl're, Island of Guernsey. Epping Forest, Essex ; Shanklin, Isle of 

 Wi-rht; St. Breward and near Wadebridge, Cornwall; Shotover Hill, 

 Berks ; Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire ; Wrekin Hill, Shropshire ; 

 Cwm Bychan, Dolgelly, and Aberdovey, Merionethshire ; Battersby 

 Moor, Ayton Moor, and Baysdale, Cleveland, Yorkshire; Teesdale, 

 Durham ; the Cheviots, Northumberland. New Galloway, Kirkcud- 



M 



