174 LICHENACEI. [CLADINA. 



Spermogones terminal, conical ; spermatia cylindrical, somewhat 

 curved or straight. 



Distinguished from Cladonia by the absence of a basal thallus*, and by 

 the podetia being naked, usually ascyphous, with the cortex not pul- 

 veraceo-fatiscent. The species are extremely social, some of them in 

 Arctic and Antarctic regions forming the most characteristic feature of 

 the vegetation, as also on the higher moorlands and mountains of more 

 temperate climes. 



1. C. rangiferina Nyl. Not. Sollsk. pro F. et Fl. Fenn. Fdrh. 

 n. s. v. (1866) p. 110. Podetia very much branched, cylindrical, 

 somewhat slender, opaque, subperforate at the axils, more or less ver- 

 ruculoso-scabrous, subtomentose, greyish or greyish-white ; branches 

 short, divaricate or subdeflexcd, subsecund, the apices nodding when 

 Bterile, erect and subcorymbose when fertile (K + yellow, CaCl ). 

 Apothecia small ; spores oblongo-fusiform, 0,010-15 mm. long, 

 0,0035 mm. thick. Leight. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, xviii. 

 p. 418 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 22. Gladina rangiferina Leight. 

 Lich. Fl. p. 74, ed. 3, p. 67. Cladonia rangifcrina Gray, Nat. Arr. 

 i. p. 415; Sm. Eng. Fl. v. p. 235 ; Mudd, 'Man. p. 58 ; Brit. Clad, 

 p. 24. Cenomyce ranr/iferina Hook. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 65 ; Tayl. in 

 Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 78. Lichen rany'tferinus Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 

 p. 1153; Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 458; Lightf. Fl. Scot. ii. p. 877; 

 With. Arr. ed. 3, iv. p. 41 ; Eng. Bot. t. 173. Coralloides mon- 

 tanum fruticuli specie ubique candicans Dill. Muse. 107, t. 16. 

 f. 29 A-D. Lichenoides tubvlosum ramosissimum, fruticuli specie 

 ubique candicans Dill, in Ray, Syn. p. 66, n. 14. Under this our 

 earlier, and some more recent, authors include also the following 

 species. 



This, with C. sylvatica, is the familiar " Reindeer Moss." By the 

 separation of that species it is not so variable as it was formerly regarded. 

 The podetia are elongate, 3-5 in. and sometimes more in length, densely 

 stipate, subsmooth or granuloso-unequal, more or less tomentose, tricho- 

 tomously branched, with the branches closer at the apices. In dry and 

 more exposed situations they occasionally become greyish-brown. With 

 us the apothecia are comparatively rare, but the spermogones are more 

 frequent. 



Hab. On the ground, usually in bo^gy places, on moorlands and 

 mountains from upland to subalpine regions. Distr. Not general nor 

 common in Great Britain, and not yet seen from Ireland. B. Ah: Tre- 

 vello Carne, near Peuzance, Cornwall; Charnwood Forest, Leicester- 

 shire ; Delamere Forest, Cheshire ; Snowdon, Carnarvonshire ; the 

 Cheviots, Northumberland. Glen Lochay, Ben Lawers, and Rannoch 

 Moor, Perthshire ; Clova, Forfarshire; Craig Coinnoch and Glen Callater, 

 Braemar, Aberdeenshire ; Rothiemurchus Forest, and Glen Nevis, Inver- 

 ness-shire. 



Form gigantea Nyl. ex Lamy, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. t. xxv. (1878) 

 p. 358. Podetia more elongate, thickish, granuloso-unequal, whitish 



* In Medd. Soc. pro F. et Fl. Fenn. xiv. p. 32, Dr. Wainio affirms that both 

 C. sylvatica and C. undalis do very rarely occur with a basal thallus ; but this 

 certainly requires further proof. 



