CLADINA.] CLADOXIEI. 175 



and partly greyish-brown, t lie branches erect at the apices. Cromb. 

 Grevillea, xi. p. 115. Lichen giganttus Bory, Voy. iii. (1803) 

 p. 83. 



Distinguished by the longer (4-8 in.) and thicker podetia, and is con- 

 nected with the type bv intermediate states. Of the few British speci- 

 mens only one is sparingly fertile. 



Hh. Among mosses on subalpine heaths. Distr. Found only once 

 and sparingly among the N. Grampians. B M. : Glen Derrie, Braemar, 

 Aberdeenshire. 



2. C. sylvatica Nyl. Not. Sallsk. pro F. et El. Fenn. Forh. n. s. 

 v. (1866) p. 176. Podetia much branched, cylindrical, slender, 

 opaque, subperforate at the axils, glabrous, at length verruculoso- 

 scabrous, pale straw-coloured or whitish ; branches short, divaricate 

 or Bubdeflexed, the apices subsecund, nodding when sterile, erect 

 and subcorymbose when fertile (K , K(G'aCl) + yellow). Apothecia 

 and spores as in the preceding species. Leight. Ann. Mag. Nat. 

 Hist. ser. 3, xviii. p. 418 ; Cromb. Lich. Brit. p. 22. Cladina 

 sylvatica Leight. Lich. Fl. p. 72, ed. 3, p. 66. Cladonia rangiferina 

 ft. sylvatica Mudd, Man. p. 59, Brit. Clad. p. 25. 0. sylvatica 

 Hoffm. Deutsch. Fl. ii. (1795) p. 114. Co rail aides f rut iculi specie 

 candicans, corniculis rufiseentibus Dill. Muse. 110, t. 19. f. 30s. 

 As already noticed, Lichen sylvaticus of Hudson and Lightfoot is 

 referable to Cladonia pungens. Brit. Exs.: Leight. u. 57; Mudd, 

 nos. 19, 20, Clad. nos. 57, 58 ; Larb. Lich. Hb. nos. 242, 243 ; 

 Bohl. n. 6. 



Apart from the etomentose podetia this differs but little in external 

 form and appearance from C. rangiferina, of which it has generally been 

 regarded only as a variety with somewhat uncertain characters. By the 

 aid of the chemical reactions, however, we are now able to distinguish it 

 in all its different states, and to assign to it its proper specific value. In 

 this country it is comparatively rare in a fertile condition. 



JIab. On the ground in forests, on moorlands and mountains from 

 lowland to alpine regions. Distr. General and frequent throughout 

 Great Britain and no doubt also Ireland ; rare in the Channel Islands ; 

 often constituting in otherwise sterile tracts the greater part of the 

 vegetation. B. M. : Quenvais, Island of Jersey. North Wootton Common, 

 Norfolk ; Epping Forest, Essex ; Shanklin Downs, Isle of Wight ; New 

 Forest, Hants ; Dartmoor, Devonshire ; Tregawn, Cornwall ; Farnham 

 Royal Common, Bucks ; Nettlehead Wood, Oxfordshire ; Charnwood 

 Forest, Leicestershire ; Wyre Forest, Worcestershire ; Haughmond Hill, 

 Shropshire ; Barmouth anil Rhewgreidden, Merionethshire ; Ayton and 

 Kildale Moors, Cleveland, Yorkshire : Windermere, Westmoreland ; the 

 Cheviots and West Allen Carrs, Northumberland. New Galloway, 

 Kirkcudbrightshire ; Pentlaud Hills near Edinburgh ; Ben Cruachan, 

 Argyleshire; Ben Lawers, Kinnoul Hill and Moncrieffe Hill, near Perth, 

 and'ltannoch Moor, Perthshire ; Sidlaw Hills, Forfarshire ; Countesswells 

 Wood, near Aberdeen, Mar Forest and Ben-naboord, Braemar, Aberdeen- 

 shire ; Rothiemurchus and Ben Nevis, Inverness-shire : Lairg, Suther- 

 landsliire ; Applecro.-s, Ross-shire. Connemara, co. Galway ; Arklow, 

 co. \Vicklo\v. 



