CLAD1NA.] CLADONIEI. 181 



Cladonia amaurocrcpa c. depressa Mudd, Brit. Clad. p. 28. Brit. 

 Exs. : Mudd, n. 18, Clad. n. 64. To this is probably referable Mudd, 

 Clad. 11. 63, as an atypical state. 



Well distinguished as a subspecies by the vaguely directed ascyphoua 

 podetia. It appears on the summits of the higher Grampians in the form 

 of rotundate tufts of moderate size, and along with a small form of Lyco- 

 podium Selago L. often constitutes the scanty vegetation of the granitic 

 and schistose detritus. The debris of the podetia, broken by the tread of 

 sheep or the red deer, may be found extensively scattered over the ground 

 (cfr. Lamy, Lich. Mt. Dor. p. 23). It is never fertile. 



Hub. On sterile moorlands and mountains from upland to alpine regions. 

 Distr. Local in N. Wales, N. England, and S. Scotland ; but usually 

 abundant among the Grampians, Scotland, especially in Braemar. B. M. : 

 Snowdon, Carnarvonshire ; Baysdale and Guisboro' Moors, Cleveland, 

 Yorkshire. New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire; Ben Lawers, Perth- 

 shire ; Morrone and Cairngorm, Braeuiar, Aberdeenshire ; Ben Nevis, 

 Inverness-shire. 



Series III. Ramalodei Nyl. Mem. Soc. Cherb. iii. (1855) p. 170. 



Thallus fruticulose or filamentose, erect or pendulous, rounded, 

 compressed, or angulose, corticate on both sides, destitute of leaflets, 

 granules or basal crust, internally hollow or solid. Apothecia 

 usually lecanorine, rarely lecideine or difform ; spores ellipsoid and 

 simple, or oblong and 1-3-septate ; paraphyses either not discrete 

 or sometimes discrete. Spermogones with sterigmata either simple 

 or pauci-articulate, and straight, rarely curved spermatia. 



This series is distinguished from the preceding by the naked thallus 

 and the absence of a basal crust. Though more compact and better 

 limited than Cladodei, the tribes and genera of which it is composed differ 

 considerably from each other. There are, however, close and important 

 links which render the series a very natural one. 



Tribe VII. ROCCELLEI Nyl. Mem. Soc. Cherb. iii. (1855) 

 p. 170. 



Thallus subsimple or branched, rounded or compressed, subcarti- 

 laginous, erect, or at length somewhat pendulous, internally entirely 

 tilled with a filamentose medulla. Apothecia lecanorine, lecideine, 

 or irregular, lateral or terminal, adnate or innate ; spores 8nse (or 

 6nse). oblongo-fusiform, 3-septate, colourless ; paraphyses discrete. 

 Spermogones immersed : sterigmata simple or subsimple. 



A distinct tribe, comprising two small genera, one of which, Comlea, 

 is exotic. The species are maritime, occurring on rocks, occasionally on 

 trees, chiefly in warm regions, where they occupy the place of the mari- 

 time Ramalinas of colder climates, towards which in habit and various 

 characters they approach. They yield a valuable purple dye the well- 

 known " Orchill " of commerce. 



