RAMAL1NA.] KAJTALIJTEI. 191 



of the larger apothecia, and especially by the form of the spores. The 

 apothecia are usually very abundant, and are often scattered on both sides 

 of the thallus. The spermogones are also frequent, with spermatia 

 0,004 mm. long, 0,001 mm. thick. 



Hub. On the trunks of old trees in open places, and in forests in low- 

 land and upland districts. Distr. General and common where it occurs 

 throughout Great Britain ; apparently rare in Ireland. B. M. : Epping 

 Forest, Essex ; near Glynde, Sussex ; Brading Downs, Isle of Wight ; 

 New Forest, Hants ; iiear Penzance, Cornwall ; Cirencester, Gloucester- 

 shire; Harboro' Magna, Warwickshire; Clungunford and near Shrews- 

 bury, Shropshire ; Cleveland, Yorkshire ; Teesdale, Durham ; Winder- 

 mere, Westmoreland : Alston, Cumberland. New Galloway, Kirkcud- 

 brightshire; near Moffat, Dumfriesshire; Roslin and near Edinburgh, 

 Midlothian ; Barcaldine, Argyleshire ; Blair Athole, Perthshire ; Reeky 

 Linn, Forfarshire ; Countesswells Wood, near Aberdeen ; Invercauld, 

 Craig Coinnoch, and Glen Clunie, Braemar ; Glen Nevis, Inverness-shire. 

 Killarney, co. Kerry. 



Var. /3. ampliata Ach. Lich. Univ. (1810) p. 603. Thallus 

 dilated, lanceoluto-difform, or broadly lobed, obtuse at the apices, 

 longitudinally costato-rugose, transversely subreticulato-rugose. 

 Apothecia and spores as in the type. Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1872, 

 p. 72 ; Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 2, p. 473, ed. 3, p. 86. Parmelia 

 fraxinea j. ampliata Ach. Meth. (1803) p. 259. Liclienoides longi- 

 folium ruf/oswn rigidum Dill. Muse. 1. c, c. Brit. E.vs. : Leight. 

 11. 38 pro parte ; Larb. Lich. Hb. n. 286 ; Bohl. n. 21 pro parte. 



The laciniae are more dilated and coarsely rugose, though when younger 

 they more resemble the type. Occasionally the thallus is stunted and 

 deformed. The apothecia are usually abundant, often superficial, large, 

 and when young rather concave. The spermogones are very frequent on 

 deformed states. 



Hub. On the trunks of old trees, chiefly oak and ash, in wooded upland 

 districts. Distr. Local and scarce in Great Britain ; not observed in 

 Ireland. B. M. : Brandon, Suffolk ; Epping Forest, Essex ; New Forest, 

 Hants ; Dartmoor, Devonshire ; Bartoubury, Gloucestershire ; Darnlev, 

 Derbyshire ; Alfric, Worcestershire ; Oswestry, Shropshire ; Barmouth 

 and Aberdovey, Merionethshire ; Island of Ansrlesea; Teesdale, Durham ; 

 East Allendale, Cumberland. New Galloway, Kirkcudbrightshire ; 

 Blair Athole, Perthshire ; Abergeldie, Aberdeenshire. 



Form monophylla Cromb. Grevillea, vii. (1879) p. 141. Thallus 

 simple, very broad, oblongo-rotundate, subreticulately costato- 

 rugose. Apothecia as in the preceding. 



Its simple thallus gives this a leaf-like appearance, but probably it is 

 not constant. The apothecia are numerous and chiefly superficial. 



Hub. On an aged oak in a wooded upland district. Distr. Observed 

 only in S. England. B. M. : New Forest, Hants. 



Tar. y. calicariformis Nyl. Bull. Soc. Linn. Normand. se'r. 2, iv. 

 (1870) p. 136. Thallus attenuate ; lacinise longitudinally rugose 

 or nerved and sparingly transversely rugulose. Apothecia marginal 

 and subterminal, the receptacle rugose; spores curved, 0,010-17 

 mm. long, 0,004-6 mm. thick. Cromb. Journ. Bot. 1882, p. 272. 



